KPX YEARBOOK 2025 · DATA TO 2025-12 · NOTICES TO 2026-10YEARBOOK 2025 · DATA TO 2025-12KOREA · MAINLAND + JEJU · ANNUAL · EDITION ARCHIVE
kdermapterminal

Korea's wholesale power price fell in 2025

KPX, Electric Power Market Statistics 2025 (published 2026): 35 indicators, annual, 2001–2025, with KEPCO statistics beside them where noted. Every reported figure carries its KPX or KEPCO table and cell; derived figures carry their formula.

Download all values (CSV) Full table with derived values (CSV)

30 indicators with published values; 5 calculated-only indicators (renewable share of capacity and volume, trading amount per market kW, capacity payment per market kW, mainland curtailment days, mainland curtailment volume, upper bound) are in the full table with derived values.

Market size
72.6KRW tnPPower trading amount, 2025−1.7% vs 2024 (73.8)KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-4, Table 4-3
Renewables, market-traded
7.26%PcShare of trading volume, 2025+0.34 pp vs 2024 (6.92)13.31%c share of market-registered capacity (+1.19 pp vs 2024 (12.12))Calculated from KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-1~5, Table 2; sheet 1-1~5, Table 1
Hourly price range
34.43% of SMPcHigh minus low hourly price, % of annual SMP, 2025−4.00 pp vs 2024 (38.43)Calculated from KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1; KPX Yearbook 2024, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
Curtailment days in 2025, mainland non-central dispatch
82daysc2024 covers April–December only; not comparable with a full year.Peak 8,621 MW in one hour · 47 days beyond the 96 MW contract block · 2026 to Oct: 70 dayscCounted by us from KPX notices — 83 notices for 82 days: some days have more than one notice.

P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition.

c = calculated by us, not a KPX figure (formula in About).

35 indicators in 9 groups

Glossary

Market size

Generation mix

Prices

Renewables

Settlement & revenue

Flexibility & DER schemes

Regions

Curtailment

Off-market (KEPCO)

Market size

Market overview

Market trading amount fell 1.7% in 2025

Related: Power trading amount · Power trading volume · SMP, annual weighted average

Mixed units · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-1, Table 1-1

Series
· ·
Period
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		202420232022202120202019
Market-registered capacityGW146.2+1.7%+20.7%143.8137.5130.7126.9124.6121.1
Trading volumeTWh547.2P−0.6%+3.3%550.3P544.7P551.4537.1516.0529.9
Trading amountKRW trillion72.59P−1.7%+45.3%73.81P78.00P88.5455.0743.5949.97
Settlement unit priceKRW/kWh124.40P−2.9%+39.1%128.09P137.07P153.1395.0080.3589.44
Total SMPKRW/kWh112.72−12.2%+24.2%128.39167.11196.6594.3468.8790.74
About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-1, Table 1-1 · mixed units
Definition
The yearbook's own summary of the KPX wholesale market for each year: market-registered generation capacity at year end, electric energy trading volume, payment in the power market (trading amount), settlement unit price and the integrated system marginal price, each with the publisher's rate of change (Table 1 of the annual chapter, sheet 2-1). Korean: 연간 전력시장 통계 개요
Coverage
2001–2025, annual, with monthly rows for the edition year. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
Mixed: Market-registered capacity in GW; Trading volume in TWh; Trading amount in KRW trillion; Settlement unit price in KRW/kWh; Total SMP in KRW/kWh
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-1, Table 1-1. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Trading volume, Trading amount, Settlement unit price.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Series breaks
  • 2010: SMP was set without separating mainland and Jeju up to 2009 and separately from 2010; the total SMP from 2010 is the demand-forecast-weighted average of the two. (Yearbook 2025, sheets 2-1 and 2-6 footnote 1)
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • YoY change (example): (Trading amount 2025 ÷ Trading amount 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Trading amount 2025 ÷ Trading amount 2019 − 1) × 100
Notes
  • All five series are the publisher's figures as printed; nothing in this indicator is recomputed.
  • The monthly rows for the edition year follow the annual rows in the same table and carry the same column definitions.
  • P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition.
Cautions
  • Trading volume is not national generation and market-registered capacity is not national installed capacity: plants selling to KEPCO under PPAs outside the market, self-consumption and direct PPA energy are not in these series.
  • Settlement unit price is not the SMP: it is trading amount divided by trading volume and includes the capacity payment and the other settlement items listed in Table 9.
  • Values are nominal KRW; no inflation or currency adjustment is applied.
Download values (CSV)Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Download values (CSV): 5 series, 2001–2025.

Power trading amount

Trading amount fell 1.7% in 2025

Related: Power trading volume · Settlement payments by item · Renewable trading amount and RPS payment

KRW trillion · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-4, Table 4-3 · by fuel

Series
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Period
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW trillion. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Rank among 10 series in 2025
(1 = highest)		202420232022202120202019
Nuclear13.87P+16.6%+71.3%311.89P9.44P8.798.459.108.09
Coal22.71P−2.0%+20.9%223.17P25.03P29.2118.7215.2718.79
LNG25.18P−12.4%+52.8%128.75P32.89P38.2019.8913.9016.48
Renewable4.97P−6.0%+102.1%45.28P5.78P6.452.741.802.46
RPS compliance payment4.50P+36.1%+100.5%53.30P2.94P3.763.502.002.24
Total72.59P−1.7%+45.3%—73.81P78.00P88.5455.0743.5949.97

Note on Forecasting-scheme payment: The scheme first settled in Oct–Dec 2021. Earlier years are blank because the scheme had not started; the yearbook prints 0 for them.

Coverage by series: Nuclear, Coal, LNG, Oil, Pumped storage (PSH), Renewable, Total 2001–2025 · Others 2014–2025 · RPS compliance payment 2013–2025 · Emission-trading payment 2017–2025 · Forecasting-scheme payment 2021–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-4, Table 4-3 · KRW trillion
Definition
Total settlement paid through the KPX market in each year, broken down by the fuel of the selling generator (nuclear, coal, LNG, oil, pumped storage, renewable, others), with the RPS compliance-cost payment, the emission-trading-cost payment and the forecasting-scheme payment listed as separate lines outside the fuel breakdown, and the publisher's total (Table 4-3 of the annual chapter; summary Table 3 for 2019 onward). Korean: 전력거래금액
Coverage
2001–2025, annual. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
KRW trillion
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-4, Table 4-3. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Nuclear, Coal, LNG, Oil, Pumped storage (PSH), Renewable, Others, RPS compliance payment, Emission-trading payment, Forecasting-scheme payment, Total.
Series coverage
Nuclear, Coal, LNG, Oil, Pumped storage (PSH), Renewable, Total 2001–2025 · Others 2014–2025 · RPS compliance payment 2013–2025 · Emission-trading payment 2017–2025 · Forecasting-scheme payment 2021–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Share of total (example): Nuclear 2001 ÷ Total 2001 × 100
  • YoY change (example): (Total 2025 ÷ Total 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Total 2025 ÷ Total 2019 − 1) × 100
  • Rank (example): 1 + number of the other 5 series with a larger value than Nuclear 2002 (1 = highest)
Records
High: 88.54 KRW trillion (Total, 2022) · Low: 13.23 KRW trillion (Total, 2002) (Highest of 24 values, Total 2002 to Total 2025)
Notes
  • The three non-fuel lines are part of the publisher's total: the RPS line appears from 2013, the emission-trading line from 2017 and the forecasting-scheme line from 2020. The publisher's proportion columns are shares of that total.
  • The fuel series from 2001 come from Table 4-3; the 2019–2025 summary table prints the same figures and is used to cross-check them.
  • Amounts are nominal KRW as published; the yearbook reports them in units of one hundred million KRW and the data file converts them with the conversion recorded beside each cell.
  • P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition.
  • Fuel rows exclude RPS compliance cost and emission-trading payments; they are listed as separate rows.
Cautions
  • This is money settled through the market, not the total revenue of Korean generators: KEPCO's PPA purchases outside the market, REC income and direct PPA sales are not included.
  • The RPS line is the settlement of RPS compliance cost, as its printed name says; it is not renewable generator revenue and is not added to the renewable fuel line.
  • The renewable fuel line equals the total of the renewables chapter, which includes the fuel cell and IGCC columns.
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Download values (CSV): 11 series, 2001–2025.

Generation mix

Power trading volume

Trading volume fell 0.6% in 2025

Related: Market-registered capacity by fuel · Renewable trading volume by source · Power trading amount

TWh · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-3, Table 3-3 · by fuel

Series
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Period
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in TWh. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Rank among 7 series in 2025
(1 = highest)		202420232022202120202019
Nuclear175.5P−2.2%+26.5%1179.4P171.7P167.5150.5152.6138.8
Coal164.8P+2.1%−24.3%2161.4P178.9P186.0189.0187.4217.6
LNG159.2P−2.8%+14.6%3163.9P153.5P159.6163.4141.0138.9
Pumped storage (PSH)4.4P−5.5%+28.0%54.7P3.8P3.73.73.33.4
Renewable39.7P+4.2%+61.4%438.1P33.7P31.325.822.424.6
Total547.2P−0.6%+3.3%—550.3P544.7P551.4537.1516.0529.9
About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-3, Table 3-3 · TWh
Definition
Electric energy traded through the KPX market in each year as published by KPX, broken down by the fuel of the selling generator (nuclear, coal, LNG, oil, pumped storage, renewable, others) with the publisher's total (Table 3-3 of the annual chapter; summary Table 2 for 2019 onward). Korean: 전력거래량
Coverage
2001–2025, annual. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
TWh
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-3, Table 3-3. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Nuclear, Coal, LNG, Oil, Pumped storage (PSH), Renewable, Others, Total.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Share of total (example): Nuclear 2001 ÷ Total 2001 × 100
  • YoY change (example): (Total 2025 ÷ Total 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Total 2025 ÷ Total 2019 − 1) × 100
  • Rank (example): 1 + number of the other 6 series with a larger value than Nuclear 2002 (1 = highest)
Records
High: 551.4 TWh (Total, 2022) · Low: 280.7 TWh (Total, 2002) (Highest of 24 values, Total 2002 to Total 2025)
Notes
  • The publisher's proportion columns give each fuel's share of the total; the data file recomputes shares from the printed volumes and keeps both.
  • The pumped-storage line equals the 'Electric Energy Trading Volume' column of Table 7 (pumped storage); Table 7 reports 'Pumping Power Volume' as a separate column, shown in the pumped storage indicator.
  • P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition.
Cautions
  • Not national generation: output sold to KEPCO under PPAs outside the market, self-consumed output and direct PPA energy are not in this series, so fuel shares here are shares of market trades, not of Korea's generation mix.
  • The renewable line equals the total of the renewables chapter, which includes the fuel cell and IGCC columns; the source-level split is in the renewable trading volume indicator.
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Download values (CSV): 8 series, 2001–2025.

Market-registered capacity by fuel

Market-registered capacity rose 1.7% in 2025

Related: Power trading volume · Renewable capacity by source · KEPCO-side solar

GW · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-2, Table 2-3 · by fuel

Series
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Period
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in GW. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Rank among 7 series in 2025
(1 = highest)		202420232022202120202019
Nuclear26.10.0%+12.0%326.126.124.623.223.223.2
Coal41.70.0%+11.4%241.740.739.638.338.337.5
LNG48.4+0.7%+24.5%148.144.342.141.540.738.9
Renewable19.5+11.7%+122.7%417.415.913.912.210.78.7
Others5.3+0.5%+14.5%55.35.24.84.94.84.6
Total146.2+1.7%+20.7%—143.8137.5130.7126.9124.6121.1

Coverage by series: Nuclear, Coal, LNG, Oil, Pumped storage (PSH), Renewable, Total 2001–2025 · Others 2013–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-2, Table 2-3 · GW
Definition
Generation capacity registered with KPX as a market participant at the end of each year, by fuel (nuclear, coal, LNG, oil, pumped storage, renewable, others) with the publisher's total (Table 2-3 of the annual chapter; summary Table 1 for 2019 onward). Korean: 연료원별 전력시장참여 설비용량
Coverage
2001–2025, year-end snapshot. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
GW
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-2, Table 2-3. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
No provisional cells in this series.
Series coverage
Nuclear, Coal, LNG, Oil, Pumped storage (PSH), Renewable, Total 2001–2025 · Others 2013–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Share of total (example): Nuclear 2001 ÷ Total 2001 × 100
  • YoY change (example): (Total 2025 ÷ Total 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Total 2025 ÷ Total 2019 − 1) × 100
  • Rank (example): 1 + number of the other 5 series with a larger value than Nuclear 2002 (1 = highest)
Records
High: 146.2 GW (Total, 2025) · Low: 49.8 GW (Total, 2002) (Highest of 24 values, Total 2002 to Total 2025)
Notes
  • Year-end value, not an annual average: capacity commissioned or retired during the year is reflected only at the year end.
  • The publisher's proportion columns give each fuel's share of the total; the data file recomputes shares from the printed capacities and keeps both.
  • The total equals the 'Market-Registered Generation Capacity' column of Table 8, which is the denominator of the capacity payment per market kW indicator.
Cautions
  • Not Korea's total installed capacity: plants selling to KEPCO under PPAs outside the market and behind-the-meter capacity are excluded. The off-market solar side is shown separately in the KEPCO-side solar indicator and is never added to this series.
  • Capacity is not output; the trading volume indicator gives each fuel's traded energy.
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Download values (CSV): 8 series, 2001–2025.

Prices

SMP, annual weighted average

SMP fell 12.2% in 2025

Related: SMP, monthly average · Price-setting fuel · SMP by hour of day

KRW/kWh · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1; sheet 1-1~5, Table 5 · by area

Series
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Period
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW/kWh. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		202420232022202120202019
Total (weighted average)112.72−12.2%+24.2%128.39167.11196.6594.3468.8790.74
Mainland112.73−12.2%+25.1%128.33167.00196.0493.9868.5290.09
Jeju112.49−15.7%−26.4%133.46176.94252.21127.85101.54152.78

Coverage by series: Total (weighted average) 2001–2025 · Mainland, Jeju 2010–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1; sheet 1-1~5, Table 5 · KRW/kWh
Definition
Annual weighted average SMP (system marginal price) as published by KPX: the integrated series from 2001 (Table 6-1 of the annual chapter) and the mainland and Jeju series from 2010 (summary Table 5 of each edition). Korean: 계통한계가격 연간 가중평균
Coverage
Integrated series 2001–2025; mainland and Jeju series 2010–2025. Annual. Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
KRW/kWh
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1; sheet 1-1~5, Table 5. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
  • 2001–2009: KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
  • 2010: KPX Yearbook 2016, sheet p016#1, Table 1; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
  • 2011: KPX Yearbook 2017, sheet p017#2, Table 2; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
  • 2012: KPX Yearbook 2018, sheet p013#1, Table 1; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
  • 2013: KPX Yearbook 2019, sheet ch1::5, Table 5; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
  • 2014: KPX Yearbook 2020, sheet p016#1, Table 1; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
  • 2015: KPX Yearbook 2021, sheet 1-1~5, Table 5; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
  • 2016: KPX Yearbook 2022, sheet 1-1~5, Table 5; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
  • 2017: KPX Yearbook 2023, sheet 1-1~5, Table 5; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
  • 2018: KPX Yearbook 2024, sheet 1-1~5, Table 5; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
  • 2019–2025: KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-1~5, Table 5; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
Provisional (P)
No provisional cells in this series.
Series coverage
Total (weighted average) 2001–2025 · Mainland, Jeju 2010–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Series breaks
  • 2010: SMP was set without separating mainland and Jeju up to 2009 and separately from 2010; the total SMP from 2010 is the demand-forecast-weighted average of the two. (Yearbook 2025, sheets 2-1 and 2-6 footnote 1)
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • YoY change (example): (Total (weighted average) 2025 ÷ Total (weighted average) 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Total (weighted average) 2025 ÷ Total (weighted average) 2019 − 1) × 100
Records
High: 196.65 KRW/kWh (Total (weighted average), 2022) · Low: 47.54 KRW/kWh (Total (weighted average), 2002) (Highest of 24 values, Total (weighted average) 2002 to Total (weighted average) 2025)
Notes
  • The integrated ('Total') series combines the mainland and Jeju price zones. Mainland and Jeju annual figures for 2010–2018 come from the summary Table 5 of earlier editions; the 2025 edition prints them from 2019.
  • The mainland trades in the cost-based pool; Jeju runs a separate pilot market with its own day-ahead and real-time prices. The yearbook's Jeju figure is the publisher's annual value.
  • P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition.
  • Area SMP before 2019 comes from the summary SMP tables of earlier editions; the 2025 edition prints area SMP from 2019.
Cautions
  • SMP is not what a generator receives per kWh: settlement includes the capacity payment and the other items listed in Table 9, and the settlement unit price indicators show that all-in average.
  • An annual average hides the month and hour-of-day profile shown in the monthly and hour-of-day indicators.
  • Mainland and Jeju are separately priced; the integrated figure is not a Jeju price.
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Download values (CSV): 3 series, 2001–2025.

SMP, monthly average, national (mainland and Jeju combined) and by area

December 2025 SMP was 22.4% below December 2024

Related: SMP, annual weighted average · Price-setting fuel · SMP by hour of day

KRW/kWh · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1; KPX EPSIS, monthly SMP by area · by month

National years
Mainland years
Jeju years
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW/kWh. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

MonthNational 2025Mainland 2025Jeju 2025
Jan117.13117.11118.90
Feb116.39116.39116.05
Mar113.03113.12105.57
Apr124.58124.63120.24
May125.47125.50122.32
Jun118.05118.02120.62
Jul120.39120.39121.13
Aug117.40117.39118.46
Sep112.91112.90114.06
Oct101.53101.53101.17
Nov94.8194.8095.82
Dec90.4490.4391.03

Coverage by series: Jan, Feb, Mar 2002–2025 · Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec 2001–2025 · Mainland Jan, Mainland Feb, Mainland Mar, Mainland Apr, Mainland May, Mainland Jun, Mainland Jul, Mainland Aug, Mainland Sep, Mainland Oct, Mainland Nov, Mainland Dec, Jeju Jan, Jeju Feb, Jeju Mar, Jeju Apr, Jeju May, Jeju Jun, Jeju Jul, Jeju Aug, Jeju Sep, Jeju Oct, Jeju Nov, Jeju Dec 2010–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1; KPX EPSIS, monthly SMP by area · KRW/kWh
Definition
Monthly weighted average SMP for each month of each year: the national (integrated) series as published in Table 6-1 of the annual chapter (the same table carries the annual weighted average used in the annual SMP indicator), and the mainland and Jeju series from the KPX EPSIS public statistics (weighted-average SMP page). Korean: 월별 통합 SMP
Coverage
National 2001–2025, mainland and Jeju 2010–2025, monthly. Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
KRW/kWh
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1; KPX EPSIS, monthly SMP by area. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
No provisional cells in this series.
Series coverage
Jan, Feb, Mar 2002–2025 · Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec 2001–2025 · Mainland Jan, Mainland Feb, Mainland Mar, Mainland Apr, Mainland May, Mainland Jun, Mainland Jul, Mainland Aug, Mainland Sep, Mainland Oct, Mainland Nov, Mainland Dec, Jeju Jan, Jeju Feb, Jeju Mar, Jeju Apr, Jeju May, Jeju Jun, Jeju Jul, Jeju Aug, Jeju Sep, Jeju Oct, Jeju Nov, Jeju Dec 2010–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Series breaks
  • 2010: SMP was set without separating mainland and Jeju up to 2009 and separately from 2010; the total SMP from 2010 is the demand-forecast-weighted average of the two. (Yearbook 2025, sheets 2-1 and 2-6 footnote 1)
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • YoY change (example): (Dec 2025 ÷ Dec 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Dec 2025 ÷ Dec 2019 − 1) × 100
Notes
  • The national series is the yearbook's; the mainland and Jeju monthly series come from KPX EPSIS (public statistics, monthly SMP by area), fetched once, and are not printed in the yearbook.
  • Each monthly figure is the publisher's monthly weighted average. The yearbook's annual weighted averages are in the annual SMP indicator and are not recomputed from the months; a simple mean of the twelve monthly values from KPX EPSIS is close to, but not identical with, the yearbook's annual figure for the same area.
  • Mainland and Jeju monthly prices start in 2010, when the two areas began to be set separately.
  • P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition.
Cautions
  • A monthly average is not a daily or hourly price; variation within the month is not visible here.
  • Months are calendar months as printed by the publisher.
  • The mainland and Jeju monthly series are from a different publication than the national series; they are checked against the yearbook's annual figures but not printed in the same table.
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Download values (CSV): 36 series, 2001–2025.

SMP by hour of day

Hourly SMP spread as a share of annual SMP fell 4.0 pp in 2025

Related: SMP, annual weighted average · SMP, monthly average · Price-setting fuel

KRW/kWh · 2016–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1; sheet 3-4-2, Table 4-2-3 · by hour

National years
Jeju years
Select · ·

Hover or tap the chart for the values at a point.

Trading hour 1 = 00:00–01:00. Sources: National: the 2025 edition Table 6-1; Jeju: the 2025 edition Table 4-2-3; earlier years from the 2016–2024 editions' Table 6-1 and the 2021–2024 editions' Table 4-2-3. Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW/kWh. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

SeriesNational 2025Jeju 2025National 2024Jeju 2024National 2023Jeju 2023
Annual weighted average112.72112.49128.39133.46167.11176.94
High minus low hourly price, % of annual SMP% of annual SMP34.4c34.8c38.4c41.0c27.9c38.4c
Hour 13 minus hour 11−10.74c−20.70c−9.83c−11.16c−11.03c−12.18c
Hour 1105.15106.42116.82124.37158.79171.43
Hour 293.4394.07103.54109.22144.79154.87
Hour 389.8990.6999.23104.61137.74145.39
Hour 487.2787.8196.56100.93134.78140.47
Hour 588.3288.8597.87101.50136.09141.77
Hour 692.6893.72102.25106.60142.26149.78
Hour 799.61100.74110.66115.02149.95160.60
Hour 8109.64111.27123.28127.65162.75170.95
Hour 9117.80117.98137.01139.20176.34183.86
Hour 10124.20123.30145.90145.24180.50183.24
Hour 11126.08122.66143.51142.09180.38181.02
Hour 12122.45112.50141.24138.03177.42178.31
Hour 13115.34101.96133.68130.93169.35168.84
Hour 14119.59107.86138.65136.56173.25173.20
Hour 15121.23116.67141.24139.81176.38176.49
Hour 16123.63122.14142.05143.02177.98179.16
Hour 17121.56121.64140.48144.12178.41185.57
Hour 18121.74124.09139.30146.91179.85193.82
Hour 19123.03126.66139.88155.59181.41206.16
Hour 20122.98126.99138.73152.78179.90208.49
Hour 21119.55124.57135.91148.20175.75195.83
Hour 22115.16119.80131.49140.87172.50190.82
Hour 23113.47116.59128.12138.14170.12185.60
Hour 24110.09112.51125.48134.27166.92181.60

c = calculated by us, not a KPX figure (formula in About).

Coverage by series: Annual weighted average, Hour 1, Hour 2, Hour 3, Hour 4, Hour 5, Hour 6, Hour 7, Hour 8, Hour 9, Hour 10, Hour 11, Hour 12, Hour 13, Hour 14, Hour 15, Hour 16, Hour 17, Hour 18, Hour 19, Hour 20, Hour 21, Hour 22, Hour 23, Hour 24, High minus low hourly price, % of annual SMP, Hour 13 minus hour 11 2016–2025 · Jeju Annual weighted average, Jeju Hour 1, Jeju Hour 2, Jeju Hour 3, Jeju Hour 4, Jeju Hour 5, Jeju Hour 6, Jeju Hour 7, Jeju Hour 8, Jeju Hour 9, Jeju Hour 10, Jeju Hour 11, Jeju Hour 12, Jeju Hour 13, Jeju Hour 14, Jeju Hour 15, Jeju Hour 16, Jeju Hour 17, Jeju Hour 18, Jeju Hour 19, Jeju Hour 20, Jeju Hour 21, Jeju Hour 22, Jeju Hour 23, Jeju Hour 24, Jeju High minus low hourly price, % of annual SMP, Jeju Hour 13 minus hour 11 2021–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1; sheet 3-4-2, Table 4-2-3 · KRW/kWh
Definition
The annual average SMP for each of the twenty-four trading hours of the day: the integrated series from the hour-of-day rows of Table 6-1 in each edition from 2016 to 2025, and the Jeju series from the hourly Jeju SMP table of the SMP detail sheet (Table 4-2-3, sheet 3-4-2) in each edition from 2021 to 2025, together with the hourly price range for each year and area: the highest hourly average minus the lowest, as a percentage of that year's annual weighted average SMP (our calculation, formula and input cells in the data file). Korean: 시간대별 평균 SMP
Coverage
Integrated series 2016–2025 and Jeju series 2021–2025, each year from that year's own edition; hour 1 to hour 24. Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
KRW/kWh
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1; sheet 3-4-2, Table 4-2-3. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
  • 2016: KPX Yearbook 2016, sheet p034#1, Table 6-1
  • 2017: KPX Yearbook 2017, sheet p040#1, Table 6-1
  • 2018: KPX Yearbook 2018, sheet p035#1, Table 6-1
  • 2019: KPX Yearbook 2019, sheet ch2::6.1, Table 6-1
  • 2020: KPX Yearbook 2020, sheet p040#1, Table 6-1
  • 2021: KPX Yearbook 2021, sheet 3-4-2, Table 4-2-3; KPX Yearbook 2021, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
  • 2022: KPX Yearbook 2022, sheet 3-4-2, Table 4-2-3; KPX Yearbook 2022, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
  • 2023: KPX Yearbook 2023, sheet 3-4-2, Table 4-2-3; KPX Yearbook 2023, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
  • 2024: KPX Yearbook 2024, sheet 3-4-2, Table 4-2-3; KPX Yearbook 2024, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
  • 2025: KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 3-4-2, Table 4-2-3; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-1
Provisional (P)
No provisional cells in this series.
Series coverage
Annual weighted average, Hour 1, Hour 2, Hour 3, Hour 4, Hour 5, Hour 6, Hour 7, Hour 8, Hour 9, Hour 10, Hour 11, Hour 12, Hour 13, Hour 14, Hour 15, Hour 16, Hour 17, Hour 18, Hour 19, Hour 20, Hour 21, Hour 22, Hour 23, Hour 24, High minus low hourly price, % of annual SMP, Hour 13 minus hour 11 2016–2025 · Jeju Annual weighted average, Jeju Hour 1, Jeju Hour 2, Jeju Hour 3, Jeju Hour 4, Jeju Hour 5, Jeju Hour 6, Jeju Hour 7, Jeju Hour 8, Jeju Hour 9, Jeju Hour 10, Jeju Hour 11, Jeju Hour 12, Jeju Hour 13, Jeju Hour 14, Jeju Hour 15, Jeju Hour 16, Jeju Hour 17, Jeju Hour 18, Jeju Hour 19, Jeju Hour 20, Jeju Hour 21, Jeju Hour 22, Jeju Hour 23, Jeju Hour 24, Jeju High minus low hourly price, % of annual SMP, Jeju Hour 13 minus hour 11 2021–2025.
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • High minus low hourly price, % of annual SMP: (highest − lowest of the 24 hourly average prices, Hour 1 2025 to Hour 24 2025) ÷ Annual weighted average 2025 × 100
  • Hour 13 minus hour 11: Hour 13 2025 − Hour 11 2025
  • Jeju High minus low hourly price, % of annual SMP: (highest − lowest of the 24 hourly average prices, Jeju Hour 1 2025 to Jeju Hour 24 2025) ÷ Jeju Annual weighted average 2025 × 100
  • Jeju Hour 13 minus hour 11: Jeju Hour 13 2025 − Jeju Hour 11 2025
  • YoY change (example): High minus low hourly price, % of annual SMP 2025 − High minus low hourly price, % of annual SMP 2024
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): High minus low hourly price, % of annual SMP 2025 − High minus low hourly price, % of annual SMP 2019
Notes
  • Trading hours are labelled by their end time: hour 1 is the trading hour from 00:00 to 01:00 and hour 13 the trading hour from 12:00 to 13:00. In the source, hour 1 is printed with the year prefixed to its label and the other hours with the hour number followed by H.
  • Each year is read from that year's own edition of the yearbook, so ten editions are combined for the integrated series and five for Jeju.
  • The integrated series is the yearbook's 'Total SMP' (mainland and Jeju combined). The Jeju series is the yearbook's hourly Jeju SMP table, published from the 2021 edition; the two areas carry separate range figures.
  • The hourly price range is (highest hourly average minus lowest hourly average) divided by the annual weighted average SMP of the same year and area, expressed as a percentage of that annual SMP.
  • Annual-average shape of the hour-of-day price, not a daily arbitrage spread. Each year comes from that year's edition.
  • Jeju hourly prices (Table 4-2-3 of the SMP detail sheet) are published from the 2021 edition; Jeju SMP there is the day-ahead SMP.
Cautions
  • This is the shape of the average day over a year, not a daily arbitrage spread: the range on a given day differs from the range of annual hourly averages, and no operating assumptions are applied here.
  • Hourly averages are the publisher's; the method of averaging across days within an hour is not restated in the table and is not assumed here.
  • The integrated and Jeju hourly averages are different series from different tables; a Jeju hour is not comparable with an integrated hour of the same year without that in mind.
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Download values (CSV): 54 series, 2016–2025.

Price-setting fuel

Share of hours with SMP set by LNG fell 10.0 pp in 2025

Related: SMP, annual weighted average · SMP, monthly average · Power trading volume

% · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-3 · by fuel

Series
· ·
Period
View

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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in %. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Rank among 7 series in 2025
(1 = highest)		202420232022202120202019
Nuclear0.10.0 pp—40.10.00.0———
Coal16.2+9.8 pp+5.7 pp26.415.011.59.824.510.5
LNG83.4−10.0 pp−5.8 pp193.482.587.090.275.589.2
Oil0.10.0 pp−0.1 pp40.12.41.4——0.2
Others0.3+0.3 pp—30.00.00.0———

2021: Value is the publisher's own 'Proportion (%)' column. Cells the publisher left blank are omitted.

2020: Value is the publisher's own 'Proportion (%)' column. Cells the publisher left blank are omitted.

2019: Value is the publisher's own 'Proportion (%)' column. Cells the publisher left blank are omitted.

Coverage by series: Nuclear, Coal, LNG, Oil 2001–2025 · Pumped storage (PSH), Renewable, Others 2022–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-3 · %
Definition
The number of trading hours in the year in which the SMP was determined by a generator of each fuel, with the publisher's proportion of hours, from Table 6-3 of the annual chapter (fuels: nuclear, coal, LNG, oil, pumped storage, renewable, others). Korean: 연료원별 SMP 결정횟수
Coverage
2015–2025 on the screen (the table runs from 2001). Integrated series (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
%
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-6, Table 6-3. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
No provisional cells in this series.
Series coverage
Nuclear, Coal, LNG, Oil 2001–2025 · Pumped storage (PSH), Renewable, Others 2022–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • YoY change (example): LNG 2025 − LNG 2024
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): LNG 2025 − LNG 2019
  • Rank (example): 1 + number of the other 6 series with a larger value than LNG 2025 (1 = highest)
Notes
  • Counts and proportions are the publisher's own; proportions are not recomputed.
  • Cells the publisher left blank are omitted, not treated as zero. The renewable column carries values only from 2022.
  • The sum of the counts is the publisher's 'Total' column of hours in the year.
  • Value is the publisher's own 'Proportion (%)' column. Cells the publisher left blank are omitted.
Cautions
  • A count of price-setting hours is not a share of traded energy; traded energy by fuel is in the trading volume indicator.
  • A blank renewable cell before 2022 is a blank in the source, not zero.
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Download values (CSV): 7 series, 2001–2025.

Settlement unit price by fuel

Renewable settlement unit price fell 9.8% in 2025

Related: SMP, annual weighted average · Settlement payments by item · Renewable settlement unit price by source

KRW/kWh · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-5, Table 5-3 · by fuel

Series
· ·
Period
View

Hover or tap the chart for the values at a point.

Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW/kWh. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Rank among 7 series in 2025
(1 = highest)		202420232022202120202019
Nuclear79.00P+19.2%+35.5%766.27P54.98P52.4856.1559.6158.31
Coal137.83P−4.0%+59.6%4143.56P139.91P157.0199.0681.5186.36
LNG158.13P−9.9%+33.3%3175.47P214.21P239.30121.7098.55118.65
Renewable125.14P−9.8%+25.2%5138.76P171.42P205.76106.4280.2899.97
Average124.40P−2.9%+39.1%—128.09P137.07P153.1395.0080.3589.44

Coverage by series: Nuclear, Coal, LNG, Oil, Pumped storage (PSH), Renewable, Average 2001–2025 · Others 2013–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-5, Table 5-3 · KRW/kWh
Definition
Settlement unit price by fuel in KRW per kWh as published by KPX (Table 5-3 of the annual chapter; summary Table 4 for 2019 onward). In the published tables each fuel's unit price equals that fuel's trading amount divided by its trading volume, and the 'Average' equals the total trading amount less the RPS, emission-trading and forecasting-scheme lines, divided by total trading volume (this identity holds in the summary tables for 2023–2025). Korean: 연료원별 정산단가
Coverage
2001–2025, annual. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
KRW/kWh
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-5, Table 5-3. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Nuclear, Coal, LNG, Oil, Pumped storage (PSH), Renewable, Others, Average.
Series coverage
Nuclear, Coal, LNG, Oil, Pumped storage (PSH), Renewable, Average 2001–2025 · Others 2013–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • YoY change (example): (Average 2025 ÷ Average 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Average 2025 ÷ Average 2019 − 1) × 100
  • Rank (example): 1 + number of the other 5 series with a larger value than Nuclear 2002 (1 = highest)
Records
High: 153.13 KRW/kWh (Average, 2022) · Low: 47.14 KRW/kWh (Average, 2002) (Highest of 24 values, Average 2002 to Average 2025)
Notes
  • Because the numerator is the trading amount, the unit price contains every settlement item paid to generators — the capacity payment and the other items listed in Table 9 — not the energy payment alone.
  • The annual SMP is placed beside the unit prices in the data file so the two can be compared in the same unit.
  • Year-on-year changes on the screen are computed in the data file from the published levels; the publisher's own rate-of-change column is kept as a reported cell.
  • Unit price = settlement total / trading volume; includes capacity and constraint payments (not the SMP).
Cautions
  • Not an energy price and not the SMP: the capacity payment and the other Table 9 items are inside it.
  • Not a tariff and not a PPA price: nothing here is what a consumer pays or what a contract pays.
  • The renewable fuel line excludes REC income, which is not a settlement item of the power market.
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Download values (CSV): 8 series, 2001–2025.

REC spot price

REC spot price fell 5.6% in 2025

Related: Renewable settlement unit price by source · Trading amount per market kW · Renewable trading amount and RPS payment

KRW/REC · 2017–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 3, Table 3-3 · by month

Series
· ·
Period
View

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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW/REC.

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Δ vs
2017		20242023202220212020201920182017
Annual simple mean71,920c−5.6%+14.2%−44.6%76,181c72,738c56,904c34,667c42,183c62,952c—129,797c

c = calculated by us, not a KPX figure (formula in About).

2018: Annual figure is the unweighted mean of 12 monthly averages; years with a blank month have none.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 3, Table 3-3 · KRW/REC
Definition
The monthly average trading price in the KPX REC spot market as published in Table 3-3 of the REC chapter, and its annual simple mean computed by us for each year in which all twelve months are published. Korean: REC 현물시장 평균 거래가격
Coverage
Unified series 2017–2025, monthly, with annual simple means for complete years. National. Spot market trades only.
Unit
KRW/REC
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 3, Table 3-3. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
No provisional cells in this series.
Series breaks
  • 2016: Solar and non-solar REC spot prices are no longer distinguished from 2016 (March 2016 in the monthly table). (Yearbook 2025, sheet 3 footnote 3)
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Annual simple mean: Simple mean of the 12 monthly prices, Jan 2025 to Dec 2025
  • YoY change (example): (Annual simple mean of monthly prices 2025 ÷ Annual simple mean of monthly prices 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Annual simple mean of monthly prices 2025 ÷ Annual simple mean of monthly prices 2019 − 1) × 100
Records
High: 129,797 KRW/REC (Annual simple mean, 2017) · Low: 34,667 KRW/REC (Annual simple mean, 2021) (Highest of 8 values, Annual simple mean of monthly prices 2017 to Annual simple mean of monthly prices 2025)
Notes
  • The annual figure is the unweighted mean of the twelve monthly averages, not a volume-weighted price; the formula and the twelve input cells are in the data file.
  • 2018 has no annual figure because the source leaves 2018-07 blank; no value is interpolated.
  • The source prints separate solar and non-solar prices up to early 2016 and a single unified price from 2016-03; the indicator uses the unified series from 2017, the first complete year.
  • The annual simple mean is the REC input of the derived member Solar incl. REC in the renewable settlement unit price indicator.
  • Unified series (solar and non-solar not distinguished) from 2017.
  • Annual figure is the unweighted mean of 12 monthly averages; years with a blank month have none.
Cautions
  • The yearbook records REC volumes in a spot market and a contract market (Table 3-2); only the spot market has a published price, so this series is not the price of contract-market RECs.
  • REC income is not a settlement item of the power market (Table 9): it is not in the trading amount, the renewable trading amount or the settlement unit price indicators, and the market's RPS line is a compliance-cost settlement, not REC revenue.
  • The simple mean gives every month the same weight regardless of volume traded.
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Download values (CSV): 13 series, 2017–2025.

Renewables

Renewable capacity by source

Solar PV market capacity rose 14.2% in 2025

Related: Renewable trading volume by source · Market-registered capacity by fuel · KEPCO-side solar

MW · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4-1, Table 4-1 · by source

Series
· ·
Period
View

Hover or tap the chart for the values at a point.

Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in MW. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Rank among 11 series in 2025
(1 = highest)		202420232022202120202019
Fuel cell1,410+21.8%+193.8%41,1581,030872769624480
Solar PV11,040+14.2%+223.6%19,6658,5636,9465,8274,6433,412
Wind2,775+17.6%+77.7%22,3592,1521,9341,7271,6811,562
Hydro1,807+0.1%+0.8%31,8061,8081,8031,8111,7951,792
Biomass1,247−0.4%+218.9%51,2521,2631,248935851391
Total19,457+11.7%+122.7%—17,41915,94913,94412,17010,6968,738

Coverage by series: Fuel cell 2008–2025 · IGCC 2015–2025 · Solar PV 2005–2025 · Wind, Landfill gas 2003–2025 · Off-gas, Waste 2003–2018 · Waste gas 2015–2016 · Hydro, Total 2001–2025 · Marine 2009–2025 · Biogas 2007–2025 · Bio heavy oil 2019–2025 · Biomass 2004–2025 · Bio-SRF 2023–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4-1, Table 4-1 · MW
Definition
Market-registered capacity of new-and-renewable generators at the end of each year, by source as the yearbook lists them (fuel cell, IGCC, solar, wind, off-gas, waste gas, waste, hydro, marine, biogas, landfill gas, bio heavy oil, biomass, bio-SRF) with the publisher's total, from Table 1 of the renewables chapter (sheet 4-1). Korean: 신재생에너지 전력시장 참여 설비용량
Coverage
2001–2025, year-end snapshot. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
MW
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4-1, Table 4-1. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
No provisional cells in this series.
Series coverage
Fuel cell 2008–2025 · IGCC 2015–2025 · Solar PV 2005–2025 · Wind, Landfill gas 2003–2025 · Off-gas, Waste 2003–2018 · Waste gas 2015–2016 · Hydro, Total 2001–2025 · Marine 2009–2025 · Biogas 2007–2025 · Bio heavy oil 2019–2025 · Biomass 2004–2025 · Bio-SRF 2023–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Share of total (example): Fuel cell 2008 ÷ Total 2008 × 100
  • YoY change (example): (Total 2025 ÷ Total 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Total 2025 ÷ Total 2019 − 1) × 100
  • Rank (example): 1 + number of the other 4 series with a larger value than Wind 2003 (1 = highest)
Records
High: 19,457 MW (Total, 2025) · Low: 535 MW (Total, 2002) (Highest of 24 values, Total 2002 to Total 2025)
Notes
  • The renewables chapter splits the total into 'Advanced Energy' columns (fuel cell, IGCC) and 'Renewable Energy' columns; both are inside the total, and that total equals the 'Renewable' row of the summary fuel table.
  • The set of source columns changes across years as the publisher's classification changed (solar from 2005, fuel cells from 2008, IGCC from 2015, bio-SRF from 2023, waste to 2018); blank cells are left blank, not zero-filled.
  • The solar and wind series from 2005 are also printed in the 2019–2025 summary table and are cross-checked against it.
  • Source-level columns as published; waste energy is split into off-gas, waste gas and waste.
Cautions
  • Market-registered only: solar sold to KEPCO under PPAs outside the market and self-consumption are excluded. The off-market side is in the KEPCO-side solar indicator; the two are never summed.
  • Capacity is not output; the renewable share indicator shows capacity share and volume share side by side.
Download values (CSV)Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Download values (CSV): 15 series, 2001–2025.

Renewable trading volume by source

Solar PV trading volume rose 14.1% in 2025

Related: Renewable capacity by source · Renewable trading amount by source · Power trading volume

GWh · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4-2, Table 4-2 · by source

Series
· ·
Period
View

Hover or tap the chart for the values at a point.

Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in GWh. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Rank among 11 series in 2025
(1 = highest)		202420232022202120202019
Fuel cell8,351P+13.1%+274.8%27,385P6,094P5,2694,6633,4312,228
Solar PV12,701P+14.1%+229.9%111,130P9,686P8,3626,3905,0803,850
Wind4,354P+18.4%+62.9%43,678P3,373P3,3523,1663,1342,672
Hydro3,757P−11.5%+37.2%54,245P3,661P3,4882,9963,8112,739
Biomass7,692P−2.7%+217.3%37,902P7,655P6,9304,6192,8752,424
Total39,697P+4.2%+61.4%—38,082P33,714P31,34725,79322,40024,592

Coverage by series: Fuel cell 2006–2025 · IGCC 2016–2025 · Solar PV 2004–2025 · Wind, Landfill gas 2003–2025 · Off-gas, Waste 2003–2019 · Waste gas 2015–2016 · Hydro, Total 2001–2025 · Marine 2010–2025 · Biogas 2007–2025 · Bio heavy oil 2019–2025 · Biomass 2005–2025 · Bio-SRF 2021–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4-2, Table 4-2 · GWh
Definition
Energy sold through the KPX market by new-and-renewable generators in each year, by source as the yearbook lists them, with the publisher's total, from Table 2 of the renewables chapter (sheet 4-2). Korean: 신재생에너지 전력거래량
Coverage
2001–2025, annual. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
GWh
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4-2, Table 4-2. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Fuel cell, IGCC, Solar PV, Wind, Hydro, Marine, Biogas, Landfill gas, Bio heavy oil, Biomass, Bio-SRF, Total.
Series coverage
Fuel cell 2006–2025 · IGCC 2016–2025 · Solar PV 2004–2025 · Wind, Landfill gas 2003–2025 · Off-gas, Waste 2003–2019 · Waste gas 2015–2016 · Hydro, Total 2001–2025 · Marine 2010–2025 · Biogas 2007–2025 · Bio heavy oil 2019–2025 · Biomass 2005–2025 · Bio-SRF 2021–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Share of total (example): Fuel cell 2006 ÷ Total 2006 × 100
  • YoY change (example): (Total 2025 ÷ Total 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Total 2025 ÷ Total 2019 − 1) × 100
  • Rank (example): 1 + number of the other 4 series with a larger value than Wind 2003 (1 = highest)
Records
High: 39,697 GWh (Total, 2025) · Low: 1,163 GWh (Total, 2002) (Highest of 24 values, Total 2002 to Total 2025)
Notes
  • The source prints this table in MWh; the data file keeps the published unit and records any conversion beside the cell.
  • The set of source columns changes across years as the publisher's classification changed; blank cells are left blank, not zero-filled.
  • The solar volume of the edition year is the reference placed beside the small-scale brokerage volume; no ratio between the two is made.
  • Source-level columns as published; waste energy is split into off-gas, waste gas and waste.
Cautions
  • Not renewable generation in Korea: energy sold to KEPCO under PPAs outside the market, self-consumed energy and direct PPA energy are not in this series. KEPCO's solar generation and PPA purchases are shown separately and never summed with this.
  • A series that starts or stops in a given year follows the publisher's column set for that year.
Download values (CSV)Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Download values (CSV): 15 series, 2001–2025.

Renewable trading amount by source

Solar PV trading amount rose 1.2% in 2025

Related: Renewable trading volume by source · Renewable settlement unit price by source · Renewable trading amount and RPS payment

KRW trillion · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4-3, Table 4-3 · by source

Series
· ·
Period
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW trillion. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Rank among 11 series in 2025
(1 = highest)		202420232022202120202019
Fuel cell0.92P−0.3%+365.2%20.92P0.97P1.020.440.230.20
Solar PV1.53P+1.2%+323.1%11.51P1.54P1.600.600.360.36
Wind0.48P+5.5%+74.7%50.46P0.51P0.640.310.230.28
Bio heavy oil0.50P+8.5%+115.4%40.46P0.69P0.680.400.300.23
Biomass0.85P−14.0%+294.0%30.99P1.18P1.320.430.190.22
Total4.97P−6.0%+102.1%—5.28P5.78P6.452.741.802.46

Coverage by series: Fuel cell 2006–2025 · IGCC 2016–2025 · Solar PV 2004–2025 · Wind, Landfill gas 2003–2025 · Off-gas, Waste 2003–2019 · Waste gas 2015–2016 · Hydro, Total 2001–2025 · Marine 2011–2025 · Biogas 2007–2025 · Bio heavy oil 2019–2025 · Biomass 2005–2025 · Bio-SRF 2021–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4-3, Table 4-3 · KRW trillion
Definition
Settlement paid through the KPX market to new-and-renewable generators in each year, by source as the yearbook lists them, with the publisher's total, from Table 3 of the renewables chapter (sheet 4-3). Korean: 신재생에너지 전력거래금액
Coverage
2001–2025, annual. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
KRW trillion
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4-3, Table 4-3. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Fuel cell, IGCC, Solar PV, Wind, Hydro, Marine, Biogas, Landfill gas, Bio heavy oil, Biomass, Bio-SRF, Total.
Series coverage
Fuel cell 2006–2025 · IGCC 2016–2025 · Solar PV 2004–2025 · Wind, Landfill gas 2003–2025 · Off-gas, Waste 2003–2019 · Waste gas 2015–2016 · Hydro, Total 2001–2025 · Marine 2011–2025 · Biogas 2007–2025 · Bio heavy oil 2019–2025 · Biomass 2005–2025 · Bio-SRF 2021–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Share of total (example): Fuel cell 2006 ÷ Total 2006 × 100
  • YoY change (example): (Total 2025 ÷ Total 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Total 2025 ÷ Total 2019 − 1) × 100
  • Rank (example): 1 + number of the other 4 series with a larger value than Wind 2003 (1 = highest)
Records
High: 6.45 KRW trillion (Total, 2022) · Low: 0.06 KRW trillion (Total, 2002) (Highest of 24 values, Total 2002 to Total 2025)
Notes
  • The source prints this table in million KRW; the data file keeps the published unit and records any conversion beside the cell.
  • The amount is trading amount, so it includes every settlement item paid to those generators (the capacity payment and the other items of Table 9), not the energy payment alone.
  • The 2019–2025 summary table prints the same figures by source and is used to cross-check them.
  • Source-level columns as published; waste energy is split into off-gas, waste gas and waste.
Cautions
  • Not total renewable revenue: REC income and revenue from PPAs outside the market are not included.
  • The RPS compliance-cost line of the trading amount indicator is not part of this series and is not added to it.
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Download values (CSV): 15 series, 2001–2025.

Renewable settlement unit price by source

Solar PV settlement price fell 11.3% in 2025

Power-market settlement only; REC income is not included, except in the derived member Solar incl. REC, which adds the REC spot price at an assumed weight (see REC spot price).

Related: REC spot price · Trading amount per market kW · Settlement unit price by fuel

KRW/kWh · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4-4, Table 4; sheet 3, Table 3-3 · by source

Series
· ·
Period
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW/kWh. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Rank among 14 series in 2025
(1 = highest)		202420232022202120202019
Solar PV120.29P−11.3%+28.2%4135.61P159.35P191.1793.3670.3293.81
Total125.14P−9.8%+25.2%—138.76P171.42P205.76106.4280.2899.97
Solar incl. REC (weight 1.0, assumed)192.21Pc−9.2%+22.6%—211.79Pc232.09Pc248.07c128.03c112.50c156.76c

c = calculated by us, not a KPX figure (formula in About).

Coverage by series: Fuel cell 2006–2025 · IGCC 2016–2025 · Solar PV 2004–2025 · Wind, Off-gas, Waste, Landfill gas 2003–2025 · Waste gas 2015–2025 · Hydro, Total 2001–2025 · Marine 2009–2025 · Biogas 2007–2025 · Bio heavy oil 2019–2025 · Biomass 2005–2025 · Bio-SRF 2021–2025 · Solar incl. REC (weight 1.0, assumed) 2017–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4-4, Table 4; sheet 3, Table 3-3 · KRW/kWh
Definition
Settlement unit price by renewable source in KRW per kWh as published by KPX in Table 4 of the renewables chapter (sheet 4-4). Korean: 신재생에너지 정산단가
Coverage
2001–2025, annual. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
KRW/kWh
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4-4, Table 4; sheet 3, Table 3-3. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Fuel cell, IGCC, Solar PV, Wind, Hydro, Marine, Biogas, Landfill gas, Bio heavy oil, Biomass, Bio-SRF, Total, Solar incl. REC (weight 1.0, assumed).
Series coverage
Fuel cell 2006–2025 · IGCC 2016–2025 · Solar PV 2004–2025 · Wind, Off-gas, Waste, Landfill gas 2003–2025 · Waste gas 2015–2025 · Hydro, Total 2001–2025 · Marine 2009–2025 · Biogas 2007–2025 · Bio heavy oil 2019–2025 · Biomass 2005–2025 · Bio-SRF 2021–2025 · Solar incl. REC (weight 1.0, assumed) 2017–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Solar incl. REC (weight 1.0, assumed): Solar PV 2025 + (Simple mean of the 12 monthly prices, Table 3-3 unified 2025 Jan to Table 3-3 unified 2025 Dec) ÷ 1,000 × 1 (REC weight, assumed; KRW/REC ÷ 1,000 = KRW/kWh)
  • YoY change (example): (Total 2025 ÷ Total 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Total 2025 ÷ Total 2019 − 1) × 100
  • Rank (example): 1 + number of the other 4 series with a larger value than Wind 2003 (1 = highest)
Records
High: 205.76 KRW/kWh (Total, 2022) · Low: 54.22 KRW/kWh (Total, 2002) (Highest of 24 values, Total 2002 to Total 2025)
Notes
  • Power-market settlement only (energy payment, capacity payment and the other Table 9 items); REC income is not included.
  • Solar incl. REC is our calculation: the solar settlement unit price plus the annual simple mean REC spot price (KRW/REC divided by a thousand gives KRW/kWh) at an assumed REC weight of one, for years with both inputs. The formula and both input tables are in the data file.
  • A unit price of trading amount over trading volume for each source, so the capacity payment and the other settlement items of Table 9 are inside it, not the energy payment alone.
  • The annual SMP is placed beside these unit prices in the data file for comparison in the same unit.
  • Blank cells are left blank where the source has no generators of that source in that year.
  • Source-level columns as published; waste energy is split into off-gas, waste gas and waste.
  • For 2020, Table 4-4 and summary Table 9 of the same edition print different values for Fuel cell, Marine; this page shows Table 4-4.
Cautions
  • Not an energy price and not what a project earns per kWh: REC income is not included except in the derived member Solar incl. REC, while the capacity payment is included.
  • Not a tariff and not a PPA price.
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Download values (CSV): 16 series, 2001–2025.

Renewable share of capacity and volume

Renewable share of trading volume rose 0.3 pp in 2025

Related: Mainland curtailment days · Renewable capacity by source · Renewable trading volume by source

% · 2019–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-1~5, Table 2; sheet 1-1~5, Table 1

Series
· ·
Period
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in %. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition.

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		202420232022202120202019
Share of trading volume7.3Pc+0.3 pp+2.6 pp6.9Pc6.2Pc5.7c4.8c4.3c4.6c
Share of market-registered capacity13.3c+1.2 pp+6.1 pp12.1c11.6c10.7c9.6c8.6c7.2c

c = calculated by us, not a KPX figure (formula in About).

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-1~5, Table 2; sheet 1-1~5, Table 1 · %
Definition
Two ratios computed by us from the 2019–2025 summary tables: the renewable share of market-registered capacity (renewable capacity divided by total capacity, Table 1) and the renewable share of trading volume (renewable volume divided by total volume, Table 2), each for the same year and expressed as a percentage. Korean: 신재생 설비·거래량 비중
Coverage
2019–2025, annual. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
%
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-1~5, Table 2; sheet 1-1~5, Table 1. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Share of trading volume.
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Share of trading volume: Table 2 Renewable 2025 ÷ Table 2 Total 2025 × 100
  • Share of market-registered capacity: Table 1 Renewable 2025 ÷ Table 1 Total 2025 × 100
  • YoY change (example): Share of trading volume 2025 − Share of trading volume 2024
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): Share of trading volume 2025 − Share of trading volume 2019
Records
High: 7.3 % (Share of trading volume, 2025) · Low: 4.3 % (Share of trading volume, 2020) (Highest of 7 values, Share of trading volume 2019 to Share of trading volume 2025)
Notes
  • Formula and both input cells for each ratio are in the data file; the renewable row of the summary tables equals the total of the renewables chapter, which includes the fuel cell and IGCC columns.
  • The two ratios are shown together because they answer different questions: how much of the market's capacity is renewable, and how much of its traded energy.
  • Computed by the terminal: renewable row / total row of the published tables.
Cautions
  • The gap between the two shares is not a measure of curtailment.
  • Shares of the KPX market only: the share of Korea's total installed capacity or of total generation is a different number, because off-market solar is in neither the numerator nor the denominator.
Published values (CSV) — none: this indicator is calculated; see Derived values.Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Settlement & revenue

Settlement payments by item

Capacity payment rose 1.7% in 2025

Related: Capacity payment per market kW · Settlement volumes by item · Power trading amount

KRW trillion · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-9, Table 9 · by item · Series break: 2022 (see note)

Series
· ·
Period
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW trillion. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Rank among 12 series in 2025
(1 = highest)		202420232022202120202019
Electricity payment54.46P−4.5%+37.9%157.01P61.39P71.8441.7532.9539.50
Capacity payment8.37P+1.7%+30.8%28.23P7.48P7.096.606.576.40
RPS compliance payment4.50P+36.1%+100.5%33.30P2.94P3.763.502.002.24
Total settlement72.59P−1.7%+45.3%—73.81P78.00P88.5455.0743.5949.97

Series break, 2022: From September 2022, following the introduction of the real-system-based market, the constrained-on and constrained-off energy payments were replaced by the variable-cost compensation and expected-profits payments; hydro and pumped storage continue to be settled as constrained-on and constrained-off (Table 9, footnote). Values before and after September 2022 are not directly comparable for the constrained-on, constrained-off, variable-cost compensation and expected-profits items.

Note on Ancillary service payment: The settlement items changed in September 2022 (Table 9 footnote); the yearbook does not show how much of this item's change from 2022 comes from that change.

Note on Forecasting-scheme payment: The scheme first settled in Oct–Dec 2021. Earlier years are blank because the scheme had not started; the yearbook prints 0 for them.

Coverage by series: Electricity payment, Constrained-on payment, Constrained-off payment, Variable-cost compensation, Expected-profit payment, Other energy payments, Emergency reserve payment, Ancillary service payment, RPS compliance payment, Emission-trading payment, Total settlement 2019–2025 · Capacity payment 2001–2025 · Forecasting-scheme payment 2021–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-9, Table 9 · KRW trillion
Definition
Total payment in the KPX market for each year split into the yearbook's settlement items as printed in Table 9 of the annual chapter: capacity payment; energy payment, itself split into electricity payment, constrained-on and constrained-off energy payments, variable-cost compensation payment, expected-profits payment and other payments; emergency capacity reserve payment; ancillary service payment; renewable portfolio standard payment; emission trading settlement payment; local plant tax payment; power demand forecasting payment; and the publisher's total. Korean: 항목별 전력거래금액
Coverage
2001–2025, annual. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
KRW trillion
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-9, Table 9. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Electricity payment, Constrained-on payment, Constrained-off payment, Variable-cost compensation, Expected-profit payment, Other energy payments, Capacity payment, Emergency reserve payment, Ancillary service payment, RPS compliance payment, Emission-trading payment, Forecasting-scheme payment, Total settlement.
Series coverage
Electricity payment, Constrained-on payment, Constrained-off payment, Variable-cost compensation, Expected-profit payment, Other energy payments, Emergency reserve payment, Ancillary service payment, RPS compliance payment, Emission-trading payment, Total settlement 2019–2025 · Capacity payment 2001–2025 · Forecasting-scheme payment 2021–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Series breaks
  • 2022: Following the introduction of the real-system-based market, from September 2022 the constrained-on and constrained-off payments were replaced by the variable-cost compensation and expected-profit payments. (Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-9 footnote 1)
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Share of total (example): Electricity payment 2019 ÷ Total settlement 2019 × 100
  • YoY change (example): (Total settlement 2025 ÷ Total settlement 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Total settlement 2025 ÷ Total settlement 2019 − 1) × 100
  • Rank (example): 1 + number of the other 10 series with a larger value than Electricity payment 2019 (1 = highest)
Records
High: 88.54 KRW trillion (Total settlement, 2022) · Low: 43.59 KRW trillion (Total settlement, 2020) (Highest of 7 values, Total settlement 2019 to Total settlement 2025)
Notes
  • Series break 2022-09: the table's footnote states that, following the introduction of the real-system-based market, from September 2022 the constrained-on and constrained-off energy payments were replaced by the variable-cost compensation and expected-profits payments, except that hydro and pumped storage continue to be settled as constrained-on and constrained-off. Those four items are not directly comparable across that date.
  • Columns appear and disappear in the table: the vesting-contract payment column exists for 2015–2018 only, the local plant tax column from 2016, the emergency capacity reserve, variable-cost compensation and expected-profits columns from 2019, and the forecasting-scheme column from 2020.
  • The footnote names only those constraint-related items; the capacity payment, ancillary service and other columns are not named in it and carry no break mark.
  • The settlement items changed in September 2022 (Table 9 footnote); the yearbook does not show how much of this item's change from 2022 comes from that change.
  • The capacity payment is an administered payment based on the reference capacity price, paid for maintaining and providing available capacity regardless of actual generation; it is not the result of an auction.
  • The publisher's total equals the total of Table 4-3 (trading amount). On the screen the items are grouped (energy, capacity, constraint and uplift, ancillary and reserve) with the RPS, emission-trading, forecasting-scheme and other lines listed separately; the grouping and shares are ours.
  • Items other than capacity payment are available from 2019 in the current layout; capacity payment from 2001.
Cautions
  • The capacity payment is administratively set, based on the reference capacity price; it is not an auction clearing price.
  • The RPS line is the settlement of RPS compliance cost, passed through to tariffs; it is not revenue to renewable generators.
  • Shares of the total are ours and are shown only where the items sum to the publisher's total within rounding.
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Download values (CSV): 13 series, 2001–2025.

Settlement volumes by item

Metered generation output fell 0.4% in 2025

Related: Settlement payments by item · Power trading volume · Market-registered capacity by fuel

Mixed units · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-8, Table 8 · by item · Series break: 2022 (see note)

Series
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Period
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		202420232022202120202019
Day-ahead scheduled energyGWh494,350P−0.9%−0.7%b498,691P500,149P512,458501,189479,126497,797
Market-registered capacityMW146,157+1.7%+20.7%143,769137,501130,661126,878124,566121,122
Initial offered availabilityGWh809,779P+1.1%+12.9%800,880P761,935P740,375718,408730,285717,383
Re-offered availabilityGWh797,843P+1.1%+12.3%789,244P751,839P732,159710,059723,304710,382
Adjusted re-offered availabilityGWh797,558P+1.1%+12.3%788,725P751,608P731,964709,850722,936710,041
Metered generation outputGWh548,081P−0.4%+3.4%550,494P544,672P551,376537,061515,984529,852
Electric power trading volumeGWh547,163P−0.6%+3.3%550,287P544,666P551,375537,061515,983529,851

b = the comparison spans a series break for that series; see the note below.

Series break, 2022: Scheduled energy is the price-determining schedule up to August 2022 and the day-ahead schedule from September 2022 (Table 8, footnote). Values before and after September 2022 are not directly comparable for the scheduled energy column.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-8, Table 8 · mixed units
Definition
The columns of Table 8 of the annual chapter for each year, by their printed English headings: 'Day-Ahead Operation Scheduled energy' (GWh), 'Market-Registered Generation Capacity' (MW), 'Availability' (GWh), 'Re-offered Availability' (GWh), 'Adjusted Re-offered Availability' (GWh), 'Metered Generation Output' (GWh) and 'Electric Power Trading Volume' (GWh). The original Korean headings are given beside the indicator name. Korean: 항목별 전력거래량 — 발전계획량 · 시장참여설비용량 · 초기 입찰량 · 변경 입찰량 · 조정 입찰량 · 발전 계량값 · 전력 거래량
Coverage
2001–2025, annual. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
Mixed: Day-ahead scheduled energy in GWh; Market-registered capacity in MW; Initial offered availability in GWh; Re-offered availability in GWh; Adjusted re-offered availability in GWh; Metered generation output in GWh; Electric power trading volume in GWh
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-8, Table 8. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Day-ahead scheduled energy, Initial offered availability, Re-offered availability, Adjusted re-offered availability, Metered generation output, Electric power trading volume.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Series breaks
  • 2022: Scheduled energy is the price-determining schedule up to August 2022 and the day-ahead schedule from September 2022. (Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-8 footnote 1)
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • YoY change (example): (Metered generation output 2025 ÷ Metered generation output 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Metered generation output 2025 ÷ Metered generation output 2019 − 1) × 100
Notes
  • Columns are shown as printed; the yearbook does not define them further in the table and no operational meaning is added here.
  • The 'Market-Registered Generation Capacity' column equals the total of the market-registered capacity by fuel indicator and is the denominator used in the capacity payment per market kW indicator.
  • The 'Electric Power Trading Volume' column equals the total of the power trading volume indicator.
Cautions
  • Differences between these columns are not curtailment or any other derived quantity; the columns are reported as printed and are not defined on this page.
  • 'Availability' columns are not capacity and not output; they are the quantities printed under those headings.
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Download values (CSV): 7 series, 2001–2025.

Ancillary service payments

Ancillary service payment was 813.7 KRW billion in 2025

Related: Settlement payments by item · Pumped storage quantities · Demand response

KRW billion · Jan–Dec 2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 3-5-1, Table 5-1-1; sheet 3-5-2, Table 5-2-1 · by service

Series
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Period
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW billion. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition.

Series2025Dec 2025Nov 2025Oct 2025Sep 2025Aug 2025Jul 2025Jun 2025May 2025Apr 2025Mar 2025Feb 2025Jan 2025
Primary frequency control23.4P2.0P1.9P1.9P2.1P2.5P2.4P1.9P1.6P1.5P1.8P1.9P2.0P
Secondary frequency control9.6P0.7P0.8P0.8P0.9P0.9P0.9P0.8P0.8P0.8P0.8P0.7P0.6P
Tertiary frequency control9.5P0.8P0.8P0.9P0.8P0.8P0.7P0.8P0.8P0.8P0.8P0.7P0.9P
Black start2.0P0.2P0.2P0.2P0.2P0.2P0.2P0.2P0.2P0.2P0.2P0.1P0.2P
Mileage0.2P0.0P0.0P0.0P0.0P0.0P0.0P0.0P0.0P0.0P0.0P0.0P0.0P
Reserve capacity value (withheld-output cost)769.1P55.0P60.0P59.8P65.4P104.5P98.6P93.3P55.5P52.2P51.2P36.9P36.6P
Ancillary service total813.7P58.7P63.6P63.6P69.4P108.8P102.7P96.9P59.0P55.4P54.7P40.3P40.4P
About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 3-5-1, Table 5-1-1; sheet 3-5-2, Table 5-2-1 · KRW billion
Definition
Payments for system-operation ancillary services in the edition year, split by service type as the yearbook names them (primary, secondary and tertiary frequency control, black start, mileage, reserve capacity value) and by the fuel of the provider, for the year (Table 5-1-1 of the monthly chapter, sheet 3-5-1) and by month (Table 5-2-1, sheet 3-5-2). Korean: 계통운영보조서비스정산금
Coverage
Edition year 2025 only, annual and monthly. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
KRW billion
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 3-5-1, Table 5-1-1; sheet 3-5-2, Table 5-2-1. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2025–Dec 2025: Primary frequency control, Secondary frequency control, Tertiary frequency control, Black start, Mileage, Reserve capacity value (withheld-output cost), Ancillary service total.
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Share of total (example): Primary frequency control 2025 ÷ Ancillary service total 2025 × 100
Records
High: 108.8 KRW billion (Ancillary service total, Aug 2025) · Low: 40.3 KRW billion (Ancillary service total, Feb 2025) (Highest of 12 values, Ancillary service total 2025-01 to Ancillary service total 2025-12)
Notes
  • The source prints these tables in million KRW; the data file keeps the published unit and records any conversion beside the cell.
  • Service names follow the yearbook's column headings; 'reserve capacity value' is the literal reading of the Korean heading for the reserve item, which the yearbook's English heading words differently.
  • The annual total of the ancillary service payment also appears as one column of the settlement payments by item indicator; that column is the cross-year series.
  • The settlement items changed in September 2022 (Table 9 footnote); the yearbook does not show how much of this item's change from 2022 comes from that change.
  • All fuels combined (Total row). The edition year is the only year the publication gives.
  • Monthly blocks follow the sheet order January to December; their sum is checked against the annual table.
Cautions
  • One edition year only; the time series across years is the ancillary service item of the settlement payments by item indicator.
  • Payments by fuel show which providers were paid; they are not a price for the service.
  • Reserve-related money also sits in the emergency capacity reserve item of Table 9, outside this indicator.
Download values (CSV)Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Download values (CSV): 7 series, Jan–Dec 2025.

Trading amount per market kW

Solar market revenue per kW excluding REC fell 11.4% in 2025

Related: Renewable generation forecasting scheme · Small-scale brokerage volume · Renewable settlement unit price by source

KRW/kW-year · 2019–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-1~5, Table 3; sheet 1-1~5, Table 1; sheet 1-6~9, Table 8; sheet 1-6~9, Table 6 · by fuel and renewable source

Series
· ·
Period
View

Hover or tap the chart for the values at a point.

Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW/kW-year. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition.

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		202420232022202120202019
Nuclear532,365Pc+16.6%+52.9%456,503Pc362,372Pc356,613c363,346c391,209c348,133c
Coal544,167Pc−2.0%+8.5%555,093Pc615,222Pc737,160c488,854c398,326c501,727c
LNG520,348Pc−13.0%+22.7%598,206Pc743,053Pc907,098c478,838c341,223c423,931c
Solar PV (renewable source)138,391Pc−11.4%+30.8%156,161Pc180,247Pc230,140c102,385c76,933c105,832c
Wind (renewable source)174,125Pc−10.3%−1.7%194,083Pc236,153Pc331,783c181,992c135,931c177,081c

c = calculated by us, not a KPX figure (formula in About).

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-1~5, Table 3; sheet 1-1~5, Table 1; sheet 1-6~9, Table 8; sheet 1-6~9, Table 6 · KRW/kW-year
Definition
The annual trading amount of a fuel, or of a renewable source, divided by its market-registered capacity at the end of the same year, in KRW per kW per year. Our division of two published cells: summary Table 3 divided by summary Table 1 by fuel, and summary Table 8 divided by summary Table 6 by renewable source. Korean: 설비 kW당 연간 거래금액
Coverage
2019–2025, annual; by fuel and by renewable source. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
KRW/kW-year
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-1~5, Table 3; sheet 1-1~5, Table 1; sheet 1-6~9, Table 8; sheet 1-6~9, Table 6. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Nuclear, Coal, LNG, Oil, Pumped storage (PSH), Renewable (all), Others, Fuel cell (renewable source), IGCC (renewable source), Solar PV (renewable source), Wind (renewable source), Hydro (renewable source), Marine (renewable source), Bio (renewable source).
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Nuclear: Table 3 Nuclear Power 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 1 Nuclear Power 2025 (converted to kW)
  • Coal: Table 3 Coal 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 1 Coal 2025 (converted to kW)
  • LNG: Table 3 LNG 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 1 LNG 2025 (converted to kW)
  • Oil: Table 3 Oil 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 1 Oil 2025 (converted to kW)
  • Pumped storage (PSH): Table 3 PSH 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 1 PSH 2025 (converted to kW)
  • Renewable (all): Table 3 Renewable 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 1 Renewable 2025 (converted to kW)
  • Others: Table 3 Others 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 1 Others 2025 (converted to kW)
  • Fuel cell (renewable source): Table 8 Fuel Cell 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 6 Fuel Cell 2025 (converted to kW)
  • IGCC (renewable source): Table 8 IGCC 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 6 IGCC 2025 (converted to kW)
  • Solar PV (renewable source): Table 8 Photovoltaic 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 6 Photovoltaic 2025 (converted to kW)
  • Wind (renewable source): Table 8 Wind 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 6 Wind 2025 (converted to kW)
  • Hydro (renewable source): Table 8 Hydro 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 6 Hydro 2025 (converted to kW)
  • Marine (renewable source): Table 8 Marine 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 6 Marine 2025 (converted to kW)
  • Bio (renewable source): Table 8 Bio 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 6 Bio 2025 (converted to kW)
  • YoY change (example): (Solar PV (renewable source) 2025 ÷ Solar PV (renewable source) 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Solar PV (renewable source) 2025 ÷ Solar PV (renewable source) 2019 − 1) × 100
Notes
  • Formula: trading amount converted to KRW divided by year-end capacity converted to kW; the formula string and both input cells are stored beside every value in the data file.
  • The numerator is market settlement only (the capacity payment and the other items of Table 9 paid through the market); REC income and off-market revenue are not included.
  • Trading amount is the settlement in the KPX power market (summary Table 3); REC sales are traded in a separate market (sheet 3) and are not included.
  • annual trading amount (억원 x 10^8 = KRW) / year-end market capacity (MW x 10^3 = kW); KRW per kW per year
  • Trading amount excludes RPS compliance, emission-trading and forecasting-scheme payments.
Cautions
  • Not a project return and not a revenue forecast: no cost is netted, the denominator is year-end capacity so capacity added late in the year lowers the figure, and the figure is an average over all plants of that fuel.
  • Not comparable with a PPA or contract price, which is per kWh.
  • The capacity payment is already inside the trading amount, so this figure and the capacity payment per market kW are not additive.
Published values (CSV) — none: this indicator is calculated; see Derived values.Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Capacity payment per market kW

Capacity payment per kW rose 0.1% in 2025

Related: Settlement payments by item · Trading amount per market kW · Market-registered capacity by fuel

KRW/kW-year · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-9, Table 9; sheet 2-8, Table 8

Series
· ·
Period
View

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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW/kW-year. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		202420232022202120202019
Capacity payment / market-registered capacity57,271Pc+0.1%+8.4%57,227Pc54,411Pc54,292c51,995c52,716c52,837c

c = calculated by us, not a KPX figure (formula in About).

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-9, Table 9; sheet 2-8, Table 8 · KRW/kW-year
Definition
The year's total capacity payment (Table 9 of the annual chapter) divided by the market-registered generation capacity of the same year (Table 8), in KRW per kW per year. Our division of two published cells. Korean: 시장참여 설비 kW당 용량정산금
Coverage
2001–2025, annual. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
KRW/kW-year
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-9, Table 9; sheet 2-8, Table 8. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Capacity payment / market-registered capacity.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Capacity payment / market-registered capacity: Table 9 2025 Capacity Payment (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 8 2025 Market-Registered Generation Capacity (MW) (converted to kW)
  • YoY change (example): (Capacity payment / market-registered capacity 2025 ÷ Capacity payment / market-registered capacity 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Capacity payment / market-registered capacity 2025 ÷ Capacity payment / market-registered capacity 2019 − 1) × 100
Records
High: 120,323 KRW/kW-year (Capacity payment / market-registered capacity, 2002) · Low: 45,051 KRW/kW-year (Capacity payment / market-registered capacity, 2016) (Highest of 24 values, Capacity payment / market-registered capacity 2002 to Capacity payment / market-registered capacity 2025)
Notes
  • The denominator is all market-registered capacity, not only the capacity that received the payment, so the figure is a market-wide average and not a unit rate.
  • The capacity payment is an administered payment based on the reference capacity price, paid for maintaining and providing available capacity regardless of actual generation.
  • The level change between 2006 and 2007 has not been explained from the source; the earlier years are shown with that reservation.
  • Formula string and both input cells are stored beside every value in the data file.
  • Denominator is all market-registered capacity, not only capacity that receives the payment.
Cautions
  • Not a capacity price and not the clearing price of an auction: the capacity payment is administered.
  • Not what an individual plant receives per kW: plant-level payments are not published in the yearbook, and the denominator includes capacity that receives none.
  • Not additive with the trading amount per market kW indicator, which already contains the capacity payment.
Published values (CSV) — none: this indicator is calculated; see Derived values.Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Renewable trading amount and RPS payment

RPS compliance payment rose 36.1% in 2025

Related: Settlement payments by item · Renewable trading amount by source · REC spot price

KRW trillion · 2019–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-1~5, Tables 1-1~5 (3) and 1-6~9 (8) · by item

Series
· ·
Period
View

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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW trillion. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition.

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		202420232022202120202019
Renewable energy trading amount4.97P−6.0%+102.1%5.28P5.78P6.452.741.802.46
RPS compliance payment4.50P+36.1%+100.5%3.30P2.94P3.763.502.002.24
Renewable share of total trading amount6.8Pc−0.3 pp+1.9 pp7.2Pc7.4Pc7.3c5.0c4.1c4.9c

c = calculated by us, not a KPX figure (formula in About).

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-1~5, Tables 1-1~5 (3) and 1-6~9 (8) · KRW trillion
Definition
Two money series from the 2019–2025 summary tables placed side by side: the trading amount settled to new-and-renewable generators by source (Table 8) and the renewable portfolio standard payment line of the market total (Table 3), together with the renewable share of the total trading amount computed by us. Korean: 신재생 거래금액과 RPS의무이행비용 정산금
Coverage
2019–2025, annual. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
KRW trillion
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-1~5, Tables 1-1~5 (3) and 1-6~9 (8). Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Renewable energy trading amount, RPS compliance payment, Renewable share of total trading amount.
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Renewable share of total trading amount: Renewable energy trading amount 2025 ÷ Table 3 Total 2025 × 100
  • YoY change (example): (RPS compliance payment 2025 ÷ RPS compliance payment 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (RPS compliance payment 2025 ÷ RPS compliance payment 2019 − 1) × 100
Notes
  • The RPS line is the settlement of RPS compliance cost; it is listed in Table 3 outside every fuel and is a compliance cost passed through to tariffs, not generator revenue.
  • The renewable share is renewable trading amount divided by the total trading amount; the RPS line is in the denominator and not in the numerator. Formula and input cells are in the data file.
  • The RPS payment reimburses obligated generators for compliance cost; it is shown beside renewable revenue, never added to it.
Cautions
  • The two series are not additive: the RPS payment is not paid to renewable generators, and the renewable trading amount does not include REC income.
  • The RPS payment is not a subsidy to any single project and not a price; it is a cost pass-through that ends in retail tariffs.
  • The share is of market trading amount, not of Korea's electricity sales.
Download values (CSV)Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Download values (CSV): 3 series, 2019–2025.

Flexibility & DER schemes

Pumped storage quantities

Pumped-storage pumping volume fell 4.9% in 2025

Related: Ancillary service payments · Settlement payments by item · SMP by hour of day

Mixed units · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-7, Table 7

Series
· ·
Period
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		202420232022202120202019
Pumped-storage capacityMW4,7000.0%0.0%4,7004,7004,7004,7004,7004,700
Pumping power volumeGWh5,798P−4.9%+26.3%6,097P4,925P4,9164,8574,3524,590
Electric energy trading volume (sales)GWh4,414P−5.5%+28.0%4,670P3,778P3,7063,6743,2623,448
About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-7, Table 7 · mixed units
Definition
Pumped-storage hydro in the KPX market for each year, from Table 7 of the annual chapter: 'Market-Registered Generation Capacity' (MW), 'Electric Energy Trading Volume' (GWh) and 'Pumping Power Volume' (GWh). Quantities only. Korean: 양수발전 전력거래 내역
Coverage
2001–2025, annual. National (mainland and Jeju combined). Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
Mixed: Pumped-storage capacity in MW; Pumping power volume in GWh; Electric energy trading volume (sales) in GWh
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-7, Table 7. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Pumping power volume, Electric energy trading volume (sales).
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • YoY change (example): (Pumping power volume 2025 ÷ Pumping power volume 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Pumping power volume 2025 ÷ Pumping power volume 2019 − 1) × 100
Notes
  • The trading volume column equals the pumped-storage line of the power trading volume indicator.
  • Table 7 also prints a settlement unit price and payments for pumped storage; they are not shown. The yearbook defines the settlement unit price as the trading amount divided by the trading volume, excluding only RPS compliance costs, emissions trading costs and forecasting scheme payments; the capacity payment is not excluded, and the yearbook's pumped-storage line of trading amount by fuel and item includes the capacity payment and ancillary service payments beside the energy payment. The unit price therefore includes the capacity payment and cannot be read as an energy price (per the platform's KPX–KEPCO definition map (2026-10-25)).
  • Whether the pumping cost is deducted from that unit price is not stated in the table headings.
  • No energy-only price for pumped storage is estimated here.
  • Volumes only. No unit price or margin: the published unit price mixes capacity, constraint and ancillary payments.
Cautions
  • No price spread, round-trip margin or efficiency is derived from these quantities; the ratio of energy sold to energy pumped is not a figure published by KPX.
  • These quantities describe pumped-storage hydro plants only; they are not battery storage figures.
Download values (CSV)Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Download values (CSV): 3 series, 2001–2025.

Demand response

DR settlement payment fell 13.8% in 2025

Related: Ancillary service payments · Renewable generation forecasting scheme · Settlement payments by item

Mixed units · 2015–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2, Table 2-1; sheet 2, Table 2-2; sheet 2, Table 2-3; sheet 2, Table 2-4 · by item

Series
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Period
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values as published.

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		202420232022202120202019
Mandatory reduction capacityMW4,243+1.1%−0.6%4,1984,5554,4214,5534,4994,267
Operatorscount270.0%−3.6%272922272928
DR resourcescount75−3.8%−13.8%788072858587
Participating customerscount3,877−8.1%−7.0%4,2174,5713,7625,0344,9004,168
Reduction deliveredMWh239,831−3.7%−42.6%249,040245,667302,290480,891358,109418,091
DR trading hourshours1,219−41.2%−45.2%2,0721,5241,4012,3791,5372,225
DR settlement paymentKRW billion204.6−13.8%−6.2%237.3239.7242.8231.1198.5218.1
About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2, Table 2-1; sheet 2, Table 2-2; sheet 2, Table 2-3; sheet 2, Table 2-4 · mixed units
Definition
The KPX demand resource market by year, from the demand resource chapter (sheet 2): obligated reduction capacity (MW), number of providers, number of demand resources and number of participating customers (Table 2-1), reduction delivered (MWh, Table 2-2), demand resource trading hours (Table 2-3) and settlement paid (Table 2-4). Korean: 수요자원 거래
Coverage
2015–2025, annual (Tables 2-2 to 2-4 are monthly with annual totals; the screen uses the totals). National. Market trades only.
Unit
Mixed: Mandatory reduction capacity in MW; Operators in count; DR resources in count; Participating customers in count; Reduction delivered in MWh; DR trading hours in hours; DR settlement payment in KRW billion
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2, Table 2-1; sheet 2, Table 2-2; sheet 2, Table 2-3; sheet 2, Table 2-4. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
No provisional cells in this series.
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • YoY change (example): (DR settlement payment 2025 ÷ DR settlement payment 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (DR settlement payment 2025 ÷ DR settlement payment 2019 − 1) × 100
Notes
  • Settlement in Table 2-4 is printed in million KRW; the data file keeps the published unit and records any conversion beside the cell.
  • Table 2-5 (annual national DR volume) is a separate table and is not included in this indicator.
  • Annual totals of the monthly tables; settlement is net of penalties and excludes VAT.
Cautions
  • Obligated reduction capacity is a capacity figure, not delivered reduction; delivered reduction is Table 2-2.
  • Hours are the table's 'demand resource trading hours' as printed and are not defined further on this page.
  • Settlement paid is the market's payment as printed; payments between providers and their customers are not published.
Download values (CSV)Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Download values (CSV): 7 series, 2015–2025.

Renewable generation forecasting scheme

Forecasting payments rose 7.8% in 2025

Related: Trading amount per market kW · Small-scale brokerage volume · Renewable capacity by source

Mixed units · 2021–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4, Table 4-1-1; sheet 4, Table 4-1-2; sheet 4, Table 4-1-3; sheet 1-6~9, Table 8; sheet 1-6~9, Table 6 · by operator type

Series
· ·
Period
View

Hover or tap the chart for the values at a point.

Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small). n.m. in a part-year period = not meaningful, not plotted.

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs
2021 (Oct–Dec)		2024202320222021 (Oct–Dec)
Scheme paymentKRW billion23.5+7.8%n.m.21.815.86.4P0.2P
Payment per kW of total main-resource capacity (brokers and individual participants)KRW/kW-year2,824c−5.9%—3,002c2,675c1,880Pcn.m.
Payment per settled kWhKRW/kWh3.79c−1.3%—3.84c3.86c3.87Pcn.m.
Payment per kW of total main-resource capacity as % of solar trading amount per market kW%2.0Pc+0.1 pp—1.9Pc1.5Pc0.8Pcn.m.

c = calculated by us, not a KPX figure (formula in About).

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4, Table 4-1-1; sheet 4, Table 4-1-2; sheet 4, Table 4-1-3; sheet 1-6~9, Table 8; sheet 1-6~9, Table 6 · mixed units
Definition
The renewable generation forecasting scheme by year: number of participating operators and their main-resource capacity (MW), split into small-scale power brokers and individual operators, settled volume by month (MWh) and settlement paid by month, each year read from that year's own edition of the DER chapter (sheet 4: Tables 4-1 to 4-3 in the 2021 and 2022 editions, Tables 4-1-1 to 4-1-3 from the 2023 edition), with the payment per participating kW computed by us. Korean: 재생에너지 발전량 예측제도
Coverage
2021–2025, each year from its own edition; 2021 covers October to December only (partial year). National. Market scheme only.
Unit
Mixed: Participants, brokers in count; Participants, individual in count; Participants, total in count; Main-resource capacity, brokers in MW; Main-resource capacity, individual in MW; Main-resource capacity, total in MW; Settled generation in TWh; Scheme payment in KRW billion; Payment per kW of total main-resource capacity (brokers and individual participants) in KRW/kW-year; Payment per settled kWh in KRW/kWh; Payment per kW of total main-resource capacity as % of solar trading amount per market kW in %
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4, Table 4-1-1; sheet 4, Table 4-1-2; sheet 4, Table 4-1-3; sheet 1-6~9, Table 8; sheet 1-6~9, Table 6. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
  • 2021: KPX Yearbook 2021, sheet 4, Table 4-1; KPX Yearbook 2021, sheet 4, Table 4-2; KPX Yearbook 2021, sheet 4, Table 4-3
  • 2022: KPX Yearbook 2022, sheet 4, Table 4-1; KPX Yearbook 2022, sheet 4, Table 4-2; KPX Yearbook 2022, sheet 4, Table 4-3
  • 2023: KPX Yearbook 2023, sheet 4, Table 4-1-1; KPX Yearbook 2023, sheet 4, Table 4-1-2; KPX Yearbook 2023, sheet 4, Table 4-1-3
  • 2024: KPX Yearbook 2024, sheet 4, Table 4-1-1; KPX Yearbook 2024, sheet 4, Table 4-1-2; KPX Yearbook 2024, sheet 4, Table 4-1-3
  • 2025: KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4, Table 4-1-1; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4, Table 4-1-2; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4, Table 4-1-3
Provisional (P)
2021–2022: Settled generation, Scheme payment, Payment per kW of total main-resource capacity (brokers and individual participants), Payment per settled kWh; 2021–2025: Payment per kW of total main-resource capacity as % of solar trading amount per market kW.
Not meaningful
Payment per kW of total main-resource capacity (brokers and individual participants): 2021; Payment per settled kWh: 2021; Payment per kW of total main-resource capacity as % of solar trading amount per market kW: 2021 (part-year period; shown as n.m. and not plotted).
Partial periods
2021: Oct–Dec.
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Participants, total: Participants, brokers 2025 + Participants, individual 2025
  • Main-resource capacity, total: Main-resource capacity, brokers 2025 + Main-resource capacity, individual 2025
  • Payment per kW of total main-resource capacity (brokers and individual participants): 2021: Table 4-3 2021 total (converted to KRW) ÷ Main-resource capacity, total 2021 (converted to kW); 2022: Table 4-3 2022 total (converted to KRW) ÷ Main-resource capacity, total 2022 (converted to kW); 2023: Table 4-1-3 2023 total (converted to KRW) ÷ Main-resource capacity, total 2023 (converted to kW); 2024: Table 4-1-3 2024 total (converted to KRW) ÷ Main-resource capacity, total 2024 (converted to kW); 2025: Table 4-1-3 2025 total (converted to KRW) ÷ Main-resource capacity, total 2025 (converted to kW)
  • Payment per settled kWh: Scheme payment 2025 ÷ Settled generation 2025 (KRW billion ÷ TWh = KRW per kWh)
  • Payment per kW of total main-resource capacity as % of solar trading amount per market kW: Payment per kW of total main-resource capacity (brokers and individual participants) 2025 ÷ (Table 8 Photovoltaic 2025 (converted to KRW) ÷ Table 6 Photovoltaic 2025 (converted to kW)) × 100
  • YoY change (example): (Scheme payment 2025 ÷ Scheme payment 2024 − 1) × 100
Notes
  • Scheme: solar and wind operators submit a day-ahead generation forecast and receive a per-kWh payment when the forecast error is small, under Annex 2 (section V) of the market operating rules, introduced 2020-10.
  • Table 9 of the annual chapter (sheet 2-9) and the regional Table 4-1 (sheet 2-4) carry this scheme's settlement as a separate line under the English label 'Power Demand Forecasting Payment'; in each edition from 2022 the Table 9 figure for the year agrees, after rounding, with the annual total of the scheme's settlement table on sheet 4. It is not the same item as the yearbook's electric power demand forecasting tables, which print forecasts of power demand and no payment.
  • Table titles and row layout differ between editions (Tables 4-1 to 4-3 in 2021–2022, Tables 4-1-1 to 4-1-3 from 2023); each year's cells are read from that year's edition and the table used is recorded beside each cell.
  • Settlement is printed in thousand KRW; the data file converts it to KRW billion and records the conversion beside the cell.
  • The 2021 edition prints October to December only; that year is flagged partial and carries no per-kW comparison with solar revenue.
  • Payment per kW is the year's settlement divided by the main-resource capacity of all participants (small-scale power brokers and individual operators); formula and input cells are in the data file, and for full years a comparison with the solar trading amount per market kW is given beside it.
  • Each year is read from the edition of that year. Per-kW values use the main-resource capacity of participants.
  • Years with only some months printed are flagged partial; their per-kW and solar-ratio values are not meaningful and are left empty.
Cautions
  • 2021 is a partial year (October to December) and is not comparable with the full years that follow.
  • Payment per kW is an average over all participating capacity, not what a given resource earns; the scheme pays on forecast accuracy.
  • Participating capacity is the resources registered to the scheme, not Korea's renewable capacity.
Download values (CSV)Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Download values (CSV): 11 series, 2021–2025.

Small-scale brokerage volume

Small-scale brokerage volume rose 17.3% in 2025

Related: Renewable generation forecasting scheme · Trading amount per market kW · Direct PPA volume

TWh · 2023–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4, Table 4-1; sheet 1-6~9, Table 7

Series
· ·
Period
View

Hover or tap the chart for the values at a point.

Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in TWh. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition.

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs
2023		20242023
Small-scale brokerage volume7.1+17.3%+51.7%6.04.7
Market solar volume (reference)12.7P+14.1%+31.1%11.1P9.7P
About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4, Table 4-1; sheet 1-6~9, Table 7 · TWh
Definition
Energy traded through the KPX small-scale power brokerage market by year, from the annual total of Table 4-1 of the DER chapter (sheet 4), each year read from that year's own edition, shown beside the market solar trading volume of the same year for scale only. Korean: 소규모 전력중개시장 거래량
Coverage
2023–2025, annual totals, each year from its own edition. National. Market trades only.
Unit
TWh
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4, Table 4-1; sheet 1-6~9, Table 7. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
  • 2023: KPX Yearbook 2023, sheet 4, Table 4-1; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-6~9, Table 7
  • 2024: KPX Yearbook 2024, sheet 4, Table 4-1; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-6~9, Table 7
  • 2025: KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4, Table 4-1; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-6~9, Table 7
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Market solar volume (reference).
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • YoY change (example): (Small-scale brokerage volume 2025 ÷ Small-scale brokerage volume 2024 − 1) × 100
Notes
  • Table 4-1 prints monthly and annual totals with no split by resource, and the yearbook gives no definition of the resource mix, so the solar portion is not stated. Eligible resources under Article 1-3 of the Enforcement Decree of the Electric Utility Act are renewable generating facilities of twenty megawatts or less, energy storage of twenty megawatts or less of charge and discharge, and electric vehicles; the scheme is therefore not limited to solar (per the platform's KPX–KEPCO definition map (2026-10-25)).
  • The source prints the table in MWh by month with an annual total; the data file converts the total to TWh and records the conversion beside the cell.
  • The market solar trading volume placed beside it comes from the renewable trading volume indicator; the overlap between the two is not stated in the source, so no ratio is computed.
  • Brokered resources include renewables, storage and EVs, not solar only. Shown side by side; no ratio is made.
Cautions
  • Not a share of solar and not additive with solar volume: the two figures are different populations with unknown overlap.
  • Three editions (2023–2025); the table does not appear in earlier editions.
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Download values (CSV): 2 series, 2023–2025.

Direct PPA volume

Direct PPA trading volume rose 342.5% in 2025

Related: Small-scale brokerage volume · KEPCO-side solar · Power trading volume

TWh · 2023–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4, Table 4-2

Series
· ·
Period
View

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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in TWh. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs
2023		20242023
Direct PPA trading volume1.0+342.5%n.m.0.20.0
About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4, Table 4-2 · TWh
Definition
Energy supplied under direct power purchase agreements, in which a renewable generator sells to an electricity consumer without going through KEPCO, by year from the annual total of Table 4-2 of the DER chapter (sheet 4), each year read from that year's own edition. Korean: 직접PPA 거래량
Coverage
2023–2025, annual totals, each year from its own edition. National. Listed by the yearbook separately from the market trading volume.
Unit
TWh
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4, Table 4-2. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
  • 2023: KPX Yearbook 2023, sheet 4, Table 4-2
  • 2024: KPX Yearbook 2024, sheet 4, Table 4-2
  • 2025: KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 4, Table 4-2
Provisional (P)
No provisional cells in this series.
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • YoY change (example): (Direct PPA trading volume 2025 ÷ Direct PPA trading volume 2024 − 1) × 100
Notes
  • The yearbook lists direct PPA as its own table, separate from the market trading volume; it is not added to the power trading volume indicator here.
  • The source prints the table in MWh by month with an annual total; the data file converts the total to TWh and records the conversion beside the cell.
  • Each year is read from the edition of that year.
Cautions
  • Not comparable with KEPCO's PPA purchases in the KEPCO-side solar indicator, where KEPCO is the buyer.
  • Three editions (2023–2025); the table does not appear in earlier editions.
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Download values (CSV): 1 series, 2023–2025.

Regions

Capacity by region

National market-registered capacity rose 1.7% in 2025

Related: Trading volume by region · Trading amount by region · Market-registered capacity by fuel

GW · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-2, Table 2-1 · by region

Series
· ·
Period
View

Hover or tap the chart for the values at a point.

Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in GW. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Rank among 17 series in 2025
(1 = highest)		202420232022202120202019
Gyeonggi20.8−5.2%+6.2%221.921.820.419.719.719.6
Gyeongbuk19.0+4.8%+33.6%318.218.016.014.514.314.3
Jeonnam16.0+6.2%+23.8%415.114.714.014.013.612.9
Chungnam26.6+1.7%+11.6%126.125.824.924.824.223.8
Jeju1.9+5.9%+41.8%121.81.81.61.61.51.4
Total (national)146.2+1.7%+20.7%—143.8137.5130.7126.9124.6121.1

Coverage by series: Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeju, Seoul, Incheon, Ulsan, Busan, Total (national) 2001–2025 · Daejeon, Daegu 2003–2025 · Gwangju 2006–2025 · Sejong 2012–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-2, Table 2-1 · GW
Definition
Market-registered generation capacity at the end of each year by the province or metropolitan city in which the generator is located, with the national total (Table 2-1 of the annual chapter, sheet 2-2). Korean: 지역별 전력시장 참여 설비용량
Coverage
2001–2025, year-end snapshot; every province and metropolitan city the publisher lists, Jeju among them. Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
GW
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-2, Table 2-1. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
No provisional cells in this series.
Series coverage
Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeju, Seoul, Incheon, Ulsan, Busan, Total (national) 2001–2025 · Daejeon, Daegu 2003–2025 · Gwangju 2006–2025 · Sejong 2012–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Series breaks
  • 2012: Generators in Sejong are classified under the administrative district of the time until mid-2012 and as Sejong from then on. (Yearbook 2025, sheets 2-2 to 2-5 footnote 2)
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Share of total (example): Gyeonggi 2001 ÷ Total (national) 2001 × 100
  • YoY change (example): (Total (national) 2025 ÷ Total (national) 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Total (national) 2025 ÷ Total (national) 2019 − 1) × 100
  • Rank (example): 1 + number of the other 12 series with a larger value than Gyeonggi 2002 (1 = highest)
Records
High: 146.2 GW (Total (national), 2025) · Low: 49.8 GW (Total (national), 2002) (Highest of 24 values, Total (national) 2002 to Total (national) 2025)
Notes
  • Regions are generator locations (supply side), not where electricity is consumed or sold.
  • Sejong appears in the table from 2012.
  • The screen also shows the combined share of Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon, computed by us; formula and input cells are in the data file.
  • Regions are where generators are located (supply side), not where electricity is demanded or sold.
Cautions
  • Regional capacity is not regional demand: sales by region are in KEPCO's statistics, not in this yearbook.
  • Off-market solar is excluded, as in every market-registered series.
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Download values (CSV): 18 series, 2001–2025.

Trading volume by region

National trading volume fell 0.6% in 2025

Related: Capacity by region · Trading amount by region · Power trading volume

TWh · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-3, Table 3-1 · by region

Series
· ·
Period
View

Hover or tap the chart for the values at a point.

Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in TWh. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Rank among 17 series in 2025
(1 = highest)		202420232022202120202019
Gyeonggi83.3P−3.8%+14.2%386.6P85.7P84.080.270.973.0
Gyeongbuk97.8P+6.8%+30.1%191.6P87.0P82.675.580.675.2
Jeonnam64.2P+0.8%+27.7%463.7P58.8P51.654.451.750.3
Chungnam96.1P+0.6%−16.4%295.5P98.2P99.8102.7105.4114.9
Jeju4.2P−2.5%+13.7%134.3P4.4P4.34.13.83.7
Total (national)547.2P−0.6%+3.3%—550.3P544.7P551.4537.1516.0529.9

Coverage by series: Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeju, Seoul, Incheon, Ulsan, Busan, Total (national) 2001–2025 · Daejeon, Daegu 2003–2025 · Gwangju 2007–2025 · Sejong 2012–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-3, Table 3-1 · TWh
Definition
Energy sold through the KPX market in each year by the province or metropolitan city in which the generator is located, with the national total (Table 3-1 of the annual chapter, sheet 2-3). Korean: 지역별 전력거래량
Coverage
2001–2025, annual; every province and metropolitan city the publisher lists, Jeju among them. Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
TWh
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-3, Table 3-1. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeju, Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Gwangju, Daegu, Sejong, Ulsan, Busan, Total (national).
Series coverage
Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeju, Seoul, Incheon, Ulsan, Busan, Total (national) 2001–2025 · Daejeon, Daegu 2003–2025 · Gwangju 2007–2025 · Sejong 2012–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Series breaks
  • 2012: Generators in Sejong are classified under the administrative district of the time until mid-2012 and as Sejong from then on. (Yearbook 2025, sheets 2-2 to 2-5 footnote 2)
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Share of total (example): Gyeonggi 2001 ÷ Total (national) 2001 × 100
  • YoY change (example): (Total (national) 2025 ÷ Total (national) 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Total (national) 2025 ÷ Total (national) 2019 − 1) × 100
  • Rank (example): 1 + number of the other 12 series with a larger value than Gyeonggi 2002 (1 = highest)
Records
High: 551.4 TWh (Total (national), 2022) · Low: 280.7 TWh (Total (national), 2002) (Highest of 24 values, Total (national) 2002 to Total (national) 2025)
Notes
  • Regions are generator locations (supply side), not where electricity is consumed or sold.
  • The screen also shows the combined share of Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon, computed by us; formula and input cells are in the data file.
  • Regions are where generators are located (supply side), not where electricity is demanded or sold.
Cautions
  • A region's share of trading volume reflects the plants located there; it says nothing about where the energy is used.
  • Off-market and self-consumed energy is excluded.
Download values (CSV)Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Download values (CSV): 18 series, 2001–2025.

Trading amount by region

National trading amount fell 1.7% in 2025

Related: Trading volume by region · Settlement unit price by region · Power trading amount

KRW trillion · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-4, Table 4-1 · by region · Series break: 2020 (see note)

Series
· ·
Period
View

Hover or tap the chart for the values at a point.

Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW trillion. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Rank among 20 series in 2025
(1 = highest)		202420232022202120202019
Gyeonggi12.58P−13.5%+44.9%b214.55P17.54P19.519.526.708.69
Gyeongbuk8.08P+21.6%+63.9%b36.65P5.53P5.164.404.894.93
Chungnam13.43P−5.0%+20.4%b114.14P14.33P16.7410.448.9611.15
Jeju0.97P−2.9%+22.7%b121.00P1.38P1.560.900.670.79
Incheon6.60P−15.6%+12.9%b47.82P8.71P10.796.454.915.85
Total (national)72.59P−1.7%+45.3%b—73.81P78.00P88.5455.0743.5949.97

b = the comparison spans a series break for that series; see the note below.

Series break, 2020: Per the yearbook's 2022 statistics revision, from 2020 the RPS compliance-cost, emission-trading-cost and forecasting-scheme payments are classified as separate lines (sheet 2-4, footnote). Values before and after January 2020 are not directly comparable for the regional lines and the three separate payment lines.

Note on Forecasting-scheme payment: The scheme first settled in Oct–Dec 2021. Earlier years are blank because the scheme had not started; the yearbook prints 0 for them.

Coverage by series: Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeju, Seoul, Incheon, Ulsan, Busan, Total (national) 2001–2025 · Daejeon, Daegu 2003–2025 · Gwangju 2007–2025 · Sejong 2012–2025 · RPS compliance payment, Emission-trading payment 2020–2025 · Forecasting-scheme payment 2021–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-4, Table 4-1 · KRW trillion
Definition
Settlement paid through the KPX market in each year by the province or metropolitan city in which the generator is located, with the renewable portfolio standard payment, emission trading settlement payment and power demand forecasting payment lines listed outside the regions and the national total (Table 4-1 of the annual chapter, sheet 2-4). Korean: 지역별 전력거래금액
Coverage
2001–2025, annual; every province and metropolitan city the publisher lists, Jeju among them. Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
KRW trillion
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-4, Table 4-1. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeju, Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Gwangju, Daegu, Sejong, Ulsan, Busan, RPS compliance payment, Emission-trading payment, Forecasting-scheme payment, Total (national).
Series coverage
Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeju, Seoul, Incheon, Ulsan, Busan, Total (national) 2001–2025 · Daejeon, Daegu 2003–2025 · Gwangju 2007–2025 · Sejong 2012–2025 · RPS compliance payment, Emission-trading payment 2020–2025 · Forecasting-scheme payment 2021–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Series breaks
  • 2012: Generators in Sejong are classified under the administrative district of the time until mid-2012 and as Sejong from then on. (Yearbook 2025, sheets 2-2 to 2-5 footnote 2)
  • 2020: Per the 2022 statistics revision, from 2020 the RPS compliance cost, emission-trading cost and forecasting-scheme payments are classified separately in regional trading amounts. (Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-4 footnote 3)
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Share of total (example): Gyeonggi 2001 ÷ Total (national) 2001 × 100
  • YoY change (example): (Total (national) 2025 ÷ Total (national) 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Total (national) 2025 ÷ Total (national) 2019 − 1) × 100
  • Rank (example): 1 + number of the other 12 series with a larger value than Gyeonggi 2002 (1 = highest)
Records
High: 88.54 KRW trillion (Total (national), 2022) · Low: 13.23 KRW trillion (Total (national), 2002) (Highest of 24 values, Total (national) 2002 to Total (national) 2025)
Notes
  • The three non-regional lines are in the publisher's total; regional shares on the screen are of that total.
  • Regions are generator locations (supply side), not where electricity is consumed or sold.
  • Regions are where generators are located (supply side), not where electricity is demanded or sold.
Cautions
  • Amount per region depends on the fuel mix located there as well as on volume; the settlement unit price by region shows the resulting average per kWh.
  • Not regional revenue of KEPCO and not regional tariffs.
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Download values (CSV): 21 series, 2001–2025.

Settlement unit price by region

National settlement unit price fell 2.9% in 2025

Related: Trading amount by region · Settlement unit price by fuel · SMP, annual weighted average

KRW/kWh · 2001–2025 · KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-5, Table 5-1 · by region

Series
· ·
Period
View

Hover or tap the chart for the values at a point.

Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW/kWh. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2025Δ vs
2024		Δ vs 2019
(fixed base)		Rank among 17 series in 2025
(1 = highest)		202420232022202120202019
Gyeonggi150.98P−10.1%+30.8%4167.90P204.78P232.34118.6094.49115.39
Gangwon150.65P−7.4%+55.9%5162.62P156.05P169.40105.5383.8596.64
Jeju228.83P−0.4%+8.1%1229.77P316.98P360.30221.22174.61211.70
Incheon151.62P−7.7%+52.9%3164.22P188.32P207.29111.0289.9299.18
Daejeon159.34P−11.4%+4.5%2179.83P222.64P243.33146.85130.18152.48
Total (national)124.40P−2.9%+39.1%—128.09P137.07P153.1395.0080.3589.44

Coverage by series: Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeju, Seoul, Incheon, Ulsan, Busan, Total (national) 2001–2025 · Daejeon, Daegu 2003–2025 · Gwangju 2006–2025 · Sejong 2012–2025.

About this indicator KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-5, Table 5-1 · KRW/kWh
Definition
Settlement unit price in KRW per kWh for the generators located in each province or metropolitan city, as published by KPX, with the national average (Table 5-1 of the annual chapter, sheet 2-5). Korean: 지역별 정산단가
Coverage
2001–2025, annual; every province and metropolitan city the publisher lists, Jeju among them. Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes.
Unit
KRW/kWh
Source
KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 2-5, Table 5-1. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2023–2025: Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeju, Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Gwangju, Daegu, Sejong, Ulsan, Busan, Total (national).
Series coverage
Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeju, Seoul, Incheon, Ulsan, Busan, Total (national) 2001–2025 · Daejeon, Daegu 2003–2025 · Gwangju 2006–2025 · Sejong 2012–2025.
Partial periods
2001: Apr–Dec (market opened April 2001).
Series breaks
  • 2012: Generators in Sejong are classified under the administrative district of the time until mid-2012 and as Sejong from then on. (Yearbook 2025, sheets 2-2 to 2-5 footnote 2)
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • YoY change (example): (Total (national) 2025 ÷ Total (national) 2024 − 1) × 100
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (Total (national) 2025 ÷ Total (national) 2019 − 1) × 100
  • Rank (example): 1 + number of the other 12 series with a larger value than Gyeonggi 2002 (1 = highest)
Records
High: 153.13 KRW/kWh (Total (national), 2022) · Low: 47.14 KRW/kWh (Total (national), 2002) (Highest of 24 values, Total (national) 2002 to Total (national) 2025)
Notes
  • A unit price of trading amount over trading volume for the plants located in each region, so the capacity payment and the other settlement items of Table 9 are inside it.
  • The 'Average' column is the national figure and corresponds to the all-fuel average of the settlement unit price by fuel indicator.
  • Regions are where generators are located (supply side), not where electricity is demanded or sold.
Cautions
  • Not a regional price: the yearbook publishes one mainland SMP and one Jeju SMP (summary Table 5) and no price by region. This unit price is settlement divided by volume for the plants located in the region.
  • Not a tariff: nothing here is what a consumer in that region pays.
Download values (CSV)Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Download values (CSV): 18 series, 2001–2025.

Curtailment

Mainland curtailment days

Curtailment went beyond the 96 MW contract block on 47 of 82 curtailment days in 2025

Days and the largest hourly curtailment, mainland non-central-dispatch generators only; curtailed energy is in the curtailment volume indicator and Jeju is not covered by this source.

Related: Mainland curtailment volume, upper bound · Mainland curtailment rate, monthly · Renewable share of capacity and volume

Mixed units · 2024–2026 · KPX public notice board

Days split by the 96 MW contract block: 2024 (Apr–Dec): 8 of 8 days beyond the 96 MW contract block; 2025: 47 of 82 days beyond the 96 MW contract block; 2026 to Oct: 60 of 70 days beyond the 96 MW contract block.

Source: KPX public notice board — 2024: 8 notices; 2025: 83 notices; 2026: 70 notices. Notice numbers are listed in the CSV (source_detail column).

Series
· ·
Period

Hover or tap the chart for the values at a point.

Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Series2026 (Jan–Oct)20252024 (Apr–Dec)
Days with non-central-dispatch curtailmentdays70c82c8c
Days with curtailment beyond the 96 MW contract blockdays60c47c8c
Days with 96 MW contract block curtailment onlydays10c35c0c
Largest hourly curtailment (MW)MW6,956c8,621c807c

c = calculated by us, not a KPX figure (formula in About).

About this indicator KPX public notice board · mixed units
Definition
The number of days in each year on which KPX's public notice board reported actual curtailment of mainland non-central-dispatch generators (the distribution-connected portion reported in the notices), and the largest curtailed capacity in MW reported for any hourly slot, counted by us from the notices. Korean: 육지 비중앙급전발전기 출력제어 일수
Coverage
2024 (the board starts 2024-04-07, partial year) to 2026 (partial year, to the latest notice available). Mainland only. Source: KPX public notice board, not the yearbook.
Unit
Mixed: Days with non-central-dispatch curtailment in days; Days with curtailment beyond the 96 MW contract block in days; Days with 96 MW contract block curtailment only in days; Largest hourly curtailment (MW) in MW
Source
KPX public notice board. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
No provisional cells in this series.
Partial periods
2024: Apr–Dec; 2026: Jan–Oct; after the 2025 edition, from KPX notices.
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Days with non-central-dispatch curtailment: counted by us from KPX notices: days with a mainland actual-curtailment notice (not a title marked as no curtailment, not a misfiled summary post, with hours or MW > 0)
  • Days with curtailment beyond the 96 MW contract block: counted by us from KPX notices: counted days with any hourly slot other than the 96 MW contract block
  • Days with 96 MW contract block curtailment only: counted by us from KPX notices: counted days whose every slot is exactly the 96 MW contract block
  • Largest hourly curtailment (MW): counted by us from KPX notices: largest curtailed MW over counted notices, read from notice images (OCR)
Notes
  • Counting rule: a day counts when a mainland notice of the 'actual' kind exists for it, its title does not say that there was no curtailment, it is not one of the monthly summary posts that were misfiled as daily notices, and it carries either a control time window or a curtailed MW figure. Forecast notices are never counted.
  • Largest hourly curtailment (MW) is the largest curtailed distribution-connected MW in any hourly slot among the counted notices; MW figures are read from the notice images by optical character recognition, and the text as read is kept beside each value.
  • Some days in 2026 carry a time window but no MW reading: they count as days and are excluded from the MW maximum. The notice for 2025-04-20 has no image and is excluded.
  • Jeju notices stopped on this board after 2025-05-04, so Jeju is not shown; whether Jeju notices moved elsewhere is unconfirmed.
  • 'Days with a notice' and 'days with curtailment' are different counts; this indicator is the latter.
  • From 24 May 2025 the notices show a recurring 96 MW contract block: generators that are curtailed first under a separate contract with KPX. Days on which only this block was curtailed are counted separately.
  • 2024: the board starts 2024-04-07 (partial year).
  • 2026: partial year, through the latest notice date in the ledger.
  • 2025-04-20 notice (list_no 75030) has no image - unknown, excluded.
  • Days whose notices have hours but no MW reading are counted as days and excluded from the MW maximum (see days_without_mw_reading).
  • MW values are read from notice images (OCR, then each hourly slot checked by reading the image directly twice); the maximum is the largest hourly slot.
  • From 2025-05-24 the notices show a recurring 96 MW block (generators curtailed first under a separate contract with KPX); days on which only this block was curtailed are counted separately.
  • Counting rule: Mainland (region 01) notices of kind '실적' (actual) only; forecasts ('전망') are not counted. A day counts when title does not contain '없음' AND list_no is not one of the misfiled monthly summary posts AND (hour_from is not null OR curtailed_mw > 0). Daily max = max curtailed_mw (distribution-connected non-central-dispatch units, read from the notice image by OCR) over counted notices. Each counted day is then split: contract_only = every counted slot is exactly 96 MW (the recurring block of generators curtailed first under a separate contract with KPX, from 2025-05-24); beyond_contract = all other counted days.
Cautions
  • A day count is not curtailed energy and not a curtailment rate (see the curtailment volume and curtailment rate indicators): the notices give capacity under control and a time window, not energy lost.
  • Curtailment here is the output control recorded in KPX's curtailment notices. This indicator reports curtailment days and MW; curtailed energy and KPX's monthly curtailment rate are separate indicators.
  • The MW figure is the distribution-connected portion shown in the notice image; Jeju is not in this count.
Published values (CSV) — none: this indicator is calculated; see Derived values.Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Mainland curtailment volume, upper bound

Upper bound of mainland curtailed energy was 258,485 MWh in 2025

Instructed capacity × hours (upper bound; actual lost output is lower). Mainland non-central-dispatch generators only; Jeju curtailment volume is not published after May 2025; not shown.

Related: Mainland curtailment days · Mainland curtailment rate, monthly · Renewable share of capacity and volume

MWh · 2024–2026 · KPX public notice board · by month

Source: KPX public notice board — 2024: 8 notices; 2025: 83 notices; 2026: 70 notices. Notice numbers are listed in the CSV (source_detail column).

Years (one line each)
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Chart

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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in MWh. n.m. = change not meaningful (prior value zero or very small).

Month2026 (Jan–Oct)20252024 (Apr–Dec)
Year total243,411c258,485c7,283c
Jan699c0c—
Feb29,030c3,875c—
Mar21,979c65,148c—
Apr53,210c73,379c0c
May124,528c81,680c0c
Jun6,188c14,200c0c
Jul550c1,344c0c
Aug0c0c0c
Sep6,120c3,146c0c
Oct1,107c11,681c3,095c
Nov—4,032c3,895c
Dec—0c293c

c = calculated by us, not a KPX figure (formula in About).

Coverage by series: Jan, Feb, Mar 2025–2026 · Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Year total 2024–2026 · Nov, Dec 2024–2025.

About this indicator KPX public notice board · MWh
Definition
An upper bound for the energy covered by mainland curtailment notices, in MWh: for every hourly slot of every counted notice, the curtailed capacity in MW multiplied by the hours of the slot, added up by month and by year (our calculation, counted from the notices). It is instructed capacity multiplied by hours, not measured lost output. Korean: 육지 출력제어량 (상한)
Coverage
2024 (the board starts in April 2024, partial year) to 2026 (partial year, to the latest notice available), monthly with a total for each year. Mainland only. Source: KPX public notice board, not the yearbook.
Unit
MWh
Source
KPX public notice board. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
No provisional cells in this series.
Series coverage
Jan, Feb, Mar 2025–2026 · Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Year total 2024–2026 · Nov, Dec 2024–2025.
Partial periods
2024: Apr–Dec; 2026: Jan–Oct; after the 2025 edition, from KPX notices.
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Jan: sum over notice slots of instructed MW × hours (upper bound)
  • Feb: sum over notice slots of instructed MW × hours (upper bound)
  • Mar: sum over notice slots of instructed MW × hours (upper bound)
  • Apr: sum over notice slots of instructed MW × hours (upper bound)
  • May: sum over notice slots of instructed MW × hours (upper bound)
  • Jun: sum over notice slots of instructed MW × hours (upper bound)
  • Jul: sum over notice slots of instructed MW × hours (upper bound)
  • Aug: sum over notice slots of instructed MW × hours (upper bound)
  • Sep: sum over notice slots of instructed MW × hours (upper bound)
  • Oct: sum over notice slots of instructed MW × hours (upper bound)
  • Nov: sum over notice slots of instructed MW × hours (upper bound)
  • Dec: sum over notice slots of instructed MW × hours (upper bound)
  • Year total: 2024: Sum of the 9 monthly values, Apr 2024 to Dec 2024; 2025: Sum of the 12 monthly values, Jan 2025 to Dec 2025; 2026: Sum of the 10 monthly values, Jan 2026 to Oct 2026
Notes
  • Instructed capacity × hours (upper bound; actual lost output is lower).
  • Each hourly slot of a counted notice contributes its curtailed MW multiplied by the hours it covers; the MW is the slot's own figure, or the notice line's figure where the slot has none. The notices are selected by the same counting rule as the curtailment days indicator.
  • MW figures are read from the notice images. Slots whose MW could not be read are not added, so a month with such slots is understated; the number of such slots is kept beside each month in the data file.
  • Months without a counted notice inside the period the board covers are shown as zero. The notice for 2025-04-20 has no image and is not included.
  • The recurring contract block of generators curtailed first under a separate contract with KPX is included in the volume.
  • Jeju curtailment volume is not published after May 2025; not shown.
Cautions
  • Not measured lost generation: the notices give the controlled capacity and a time window, so capacity multiplied by hours is the most the window could cover; the energy actually lost is lower.
  • Not a curtailment rate and not a revenue figure: no price is applied to the energy here.
  • The capacity figure is the one reported in the notice image for mainland non-central-dispatch generators; Jeju is not in this count.
Published values (CSV) — none: this indicator is calculated; see Derived values.Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Mainland curtailment rate, monthly (KPX)

Mainland curtailment rate for May was 0.617 percent in 2025

Rate as published by KPX, provisional; only months with a monthly notice. Jeju is not shown.

Related: Mainland curtailment days · Mainland curtailment volume, upper bound · Renewable share of capacity and volume

% rate · 2024–2025 · KPX public notice board · by month

Years (one line each)
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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in % rate. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition.

Month2025 (Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun)2024 (Oct, Nov, Dec)
Feb0.020P—
Mar0.445P—
Apr0.501P—
May0.617P—
Jun0.033P—
Oct—0.021P
Nov—0.038P
Dec—0.001P

Coverage by series: Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun 2025–2025 · Oct, Nov, Dec 2024–2024.

About this indicator KPX public notice board · % rate
Definition
The monthly curtailment rate for the mainland as printed in KPX's monthly curtailment-rate notices on the public notice board, for the months that have such a notice. Korean: 육지 월별 출력제어율
Coverage
Months that have a monthly notice on the board (2024 and 2025 only), mainland. Source: KPX public notice board, not the yearbook.
Unit
% rate
Source
KPX public notice board. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2025: Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun; 2024: Oct, Nov, Dec.
Series coverage
Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun 2025–2025 · Oct, Nov, Dec 2024–2024.
Notes
  • KPX states in the notices that the rate is a provisional value estimated from the previous month's meter field data; every value here is shown as provisional.
  • Only months with a monthly notice are shown; other months are not estimated.
  • The notices do not state the rate's denominator in the stored text, and none is assumed here. The rate is a different measure from the curtailed energy upper bound and is not converted to or from it.
  • Jeju is not shown.
Cautions
  • A rate for one month is not comparable with an annual figure: the months shown are those with a notice.
  • Not the share of days with curtailment: see the curtailment days indicator for days.
Download values (CSV)Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Download values (CSV): 8 series, 2024–2025.

Off-market (KEPCO)

KEPCO-side solar

KEPCO-side solar capacity was 30,760 MW in 2025

Related: Renewable capacity by source · Renewable trading volume by source · KEPCO sales revenue and solar PPA purchases

Mixed units · 2025 · KEPCO Statistics No. 95, Table 8-1; Table 1-1; Table 19; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-6~9, Table 6; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-6~9, Table 7 · by publisher

Series
· ·
Period

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Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition.

Series2025
KEPCO-side solar capacity (business operators)MW30,760
KEPCO-side solar generationGWh37,869
KEPCO solar PPA purchases, volumeGWh25,338
KEPCO solar PPA purchase priceKRW/kWh115.39
KPX market solar capacity (reference)MW11,040
KPX market solar volume (reference)GWh12,701P
About this indicator KEPCO Statistics No. 95, Table 8-1; Table 1-1; Table 19; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-6~9, Table 6; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-6~9, Table 7 · mixed units
Definition
Solar figures published by KEPCO for the edition year: generation capacity of business operators (Table 8-1), generation (Table 1-1) and KEPCO's purchases of solar energy under power purchase agreements with volume, payment and unit cost (Table 19, PPA section), from KEPCO Statistics No. 95; shown beside the KPX market solar capacity and trading volume of the same year. Korean: 한전 통계 태양광 설비·발전량·PPA 구입
Coverage
Edition year 2025 (KEPCO Statistics No. 95, published 2026) beside the KPX 2025 edition. National. Off-market side: KEPCO basis, covering all business-operator (utility-scale) generation including KEPCO power purchase agreements and island systems, not KPX market trades.
Unit
Mixed: KEPCO-side solar capacity (business operators) in MW; KEPCO-side solar generation in GWh; KEPCO solar PPA purchases, volume in GWh; KEPCO solar PPA purchase price in KRW/kWh; KPX market solar capacity (reference) in MW; KPX market solar volume (reference) in GWh
Source
KEPCO Statistics No. 95, Table 8-1; Table 1-1; Table 19; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-6~9, Table 6; KPX Yearbook 2025, sheet 1-6~9, Table 7. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
2025: KPX market solar volume (reference).
Notes
  • KEPCO's capacity and generation tables cover business operators and exclude self-use generators; behind-the-meter solar is in neither KEPCO's nor KPX's figures.
  • KEPCO's PPA purchases are energy KEPCO bought from generators under power purchase agreements, printed in Table 19 beside its purchases from the electricity market; the unit cost is the table's 'Unit cost' column.
  • KPX figures are market-traded: capacity registered with the market, including units in commissioning before commercial operation and the market-participating portion of self-use and community energy generators, and excluding KEPCO power purchase agreements and island systems. KEPCO figures cover all business-operator generation, including power purchase agreements and island systems (per the platform's KPX–KEPCO definition map (2026-10-25)).
  • KPX counts hydro inside renewables; the KEPCO table footnotes classify general and small hydro separately, outside the renewables table (per the platform's KPX–KEPCO definition map (2026-10-25)).
  • Waste is excluded from renewables by KPX from 2019-10 and by KEPCO from 2020-01 (per the platform's KPX–KEPCO definition map (2026-10-25)).
  • Units are converted from the published kW and MWh in the data file with the conversion recorded beside each cell.
  • Shown side by side only: different publishers and definitions. No ratio and no sum. KEPCO capacity/generation = business operators (self-use excluded); behind-the-meter solar is in neither.
Cautions
  • Side by side only: KPX market solar and KEPCO solar are not summed (the overlap is unknown) and no ratio is computed between them.
  • The two publishers differ on scope (PPA, island systems, commissioning units, self-use portion) and on renewables classification (hydro, waste), so the figures are not like-for-like.
  • KEPCO's PPA unit cost is not the KPX SMP and not a REC price.
  • Single year: the 2025 edition only.
Download values (CSV)Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Download values (CSV): 6 series, 2025.

KEPCO sales revenue and solar PPA purchases

KEPCO solar PPA purchase amount was 2.9 KRW tn in 2025

Related: Power trading amount · KEPCO-side solar · Renewable trading amount and RPS payment

KRW trillion · 2019–2025 · KEPCO Statistics No. 95, Table 29; Table 19 · by publisher

Series
· ·
Period

Hover or tap the chart for the values at a point.

Years newest first. Click a value to copy its citation. Values in KRW trillion.

Series20252019
KEPCO electricity sales revenue93.6056.56
KEPCO solar PPA purchase amount2.92—

Coverage by series: KEPCO electricity sales revenue 2019–2025 · KEPCO solar PPA purchase amount 2025–2025.

About this indicator KEPCO Statistics No. 95, Table 29; Table 19 · KRW trillion
Definition
KEPCO's revenue from electricity sales across all tariff classes (total column of Table 29) for 2019 and 2025, and KEPCO's payment for solar energy bought under power purchase agreements in 2025 (Table 19, PPA section), from KEPCO Statistics No. 95; shown beside the KPX trading amount for scale. Korean: 한전 전력판매수입·태양광 PPA 구입금액
Coverage
2019 and 2025 (sales revenue); 2025 (solar PPA purchases). National. Off-market side: KEPCO basis, covering all business-operator generation including KEPCO power purchase agreements and island systems, not KPX market trades.
Unit
KRW trillion
Source
KEPCO Statistics No. 95, Table 29; Table 19. Row and column labels of every cell are in the indicator CSV.
Provisional (P)
No provisional cells in this series.
Series coverage
KEPCO electricity sales revenue 2019–2025 · KEPCO solar PPA purchase amount 2025–2025.
Formula (terminal calculation)
  • Δ vs 2019 (example): (KEPCO electricity sales revenue 2025 ÷ KEPCO electricity sales revenue 2019 − 1) × 100
Notes
  • Sales revenue is printed in thousand KRW and the PPA payment in million KRW; the data file keeps the published units and records each conversion beside the cell.
  • Table 19 prints KEPCO's purchases from the electricity market and under PPAs; Table 29 prints its revenue from sales by tariff class. Retail sales revenue and wholesale market settlement are different layers.
  • KEPCO counts sales by meter-reading (billing) month, from the previous month's reading date to the day before this month's reading date, not by calendar month; KPX counts market trades by calendar month (per the platform's KPX–KEPCO definition map (2026-10-25)).
  • Different publisher and basis from the KPX market figures: side by side only, no ratio and no sum.
Cautions
  • Different publisher and different basis: side by side only, no ratio to the KPX trading amount and no sum.
  • Because KEPCO sales follow billing months and KPX trades follow calendar months, monthly figures from the two publishers are not comparable month by month.
  • Two years for revenue (2019 and 2025) and a single year for PPA purchases (2025).
  • Revenue from sales is a retail figure by tariff class, not a wholesale figure.
Download values (CSV)Derived values (CSV)Back to the list

Download values (CSV): 2 series, 2019–2025.

Download all values (CSV)

30 indicators with published values; 5 calculated-only indicators (renewable share of capacity and volume, trading amount per market kW, capacity payment per market kW, mainland curtailment days, mainland curtailment volume, upper bound) are in the full table with derived values.

Full table with derived values (CSV) Column guide (CSV)

korea_market_annual_2025_values.csv: published values only, one row per cell with its source row, column and unit. korea_market_annual_2025.csv: the same plus shares, changes, ranks and records. Columns: indicator, breakdown, member, area, year, month, hour, value, unit, kind, formula, publisher, edition, table, row and column label, provisional flag, series break, measure, source value and unit, period note.

Glossary

SMP and settlement unit price 계통한계가격과 정산단가
SMP (system marginal price) is the hourly market price published by KPX. Settlement unit price is trading amount divided by trading volume (this identity holds in the summary tables), so it mixes the energy payment with the capacity payment and the other settlement items listed in Table 9. The settlement unit price of a fuel, not the SMP, is the average per kWh paid through the market to that fuel's generators: energy payment plus capacity payment plus the other Table 9 items.See: SMP, annual weighted average · Settlement unit price by fuel · Renewable settlement unit price by source
Capacity payment 용량정산금
An administered payment based on the reference capacity price, paid for maintaining and providing available capacity regardless of actual generation. It is administratively set and is not an auction clearing price.See: Settlement payments by item · Capacity payment per market kW
Market volume and market capacity 전력거래량·전력시장참여 설비용량
Market volume is energy traded through the KPX market, measured at the sending end (generation less station service and main transformer losses); market capacity is capacity registered with KPX as a market participant, including units in commissioning before commercial operation and the market-participating portion of self-use and community energy generators. KPX states that KEPCO power purchase agreements are not included, so neither is a national total of capacity or generation; island systems, self-consumption and direct PPA energy are also outside them. KEPCO's generation figures cover all business-operator generation, including power purchase agreements and island systems (per the platform's KPX–KEPCO definition map (2026-10-25)). Where the screen says 'Market trades only; excludes off-market volumes', this is the scope.See: Power trading volume · Market-registered capacity by fuel · KEPCO-side solar
Mainland and Jeju 육지와 제주
Korea's market has two price zones. The mainland trades in the cost-based pool; Jeju runs a separate pilot market with its own day-ahead and real-time prices. The yearbook's integrated series combines the two and publishes separate mainland and Jeju annual figures from 2019.See: SMP, annual weighted average · Settlement unit price by region · Mainland curtailment days · SMP, monthly average
RPS payment RPS의무이행비용 정산금
The market line printed as 'Renewable Portfolio Standard Payment', the settlement of RPS compliance cost. It is a compliance cost passed through to tariffs, not revenue to renewable generators, and is not added to any fuel line.See: Renewable trading amount and RPS payment · Settlement payments by item · Power trading amount
CBP (cost-based pool) 변동비반영시장
The market design in which the mainland trades and under which the yearbook's SMP, settlement items and capacity payment are produced. Jeju runs a separate pilot market with its own day-ahead and real-time prices.See: SMP, annual weighted average · Price-setting fuel · Settlement payments by item
REC 신재생에너지 공급인증서
Renewable energy certificate. The yearbook's REC chapter records REC trading members (Table 3-1), REC volumes traded in the spot market and the contract market (Table 3-2) and the spot market average price (Table 3-3). REC income is not a settlement item of the power market (Table 9) and is not in any trading amount or unit price on this page; the market's RPS line is a compliance-cost settlement, not REC revenue.See: REC spot price · Renewable trading amount and RPS payment · Renewable settlement unit price by source
Curtailment and output reduction 출력제어와 감발
Curtailment (output control) as recorded in KPX's curtailment notices: each notice gives the date, the control time window and the controlled capacity for mainland non-central-dispatch generators or for Jeju. This page reports curtailment days and the largest hourly capacity, curtailed energy as an upper bound (instructed capacity × hours; actual lost output is lower) and the monthly curtailment rate that KPX publishes for the mainland. The upper bound and the rate are different measures and are not converted into each other.See: Mainland curtailment days · Mainland curtailment volume, upper bound · Mainland curtailment rate, monthly · Renewable capacity by source
Curtailed energy (upper bound) 출력제어량(상한)
The sum over hourly slots of the curtailed capacity in MW multiplied by the hours of the slot, taken from KPX's curtailment notices. Because the notices give instructed capacity and a time window, not metered output, the result is the most that the windows could cover; the energy actually lost is lower.See: Mainland curtailment volume, upper bound · Mainland curtailment days
Non-central-dispatch generator 비중앙급전발전기
Used here as KPX's mainland curtailment notices use it: the notices are titled as mainland output-control results, and the notice image reports the control time window, the controlled capacity of the distribution-connected portion of non-central-dispatch generators (with the number of units in brackets) and the total capacity of non-central-dispatch generators. Neither the notices nor the yearbook define the class further, and no further definition is added on this page.See: Mainland curtailment days · Renewable capacity by source
New and renewable energy 신재생에너지
The class the yearbook prints as 'Renewable' in its fuel tables. The renewables chapter splits its total into 'Advanced Energy' columns (fuel cell, IGCC) and 'Renewable Energy' columns (solar, wind, waste-derived, hydro, marine, bio), and that total equals the 'Renewable' row of the summary fuel table. Fuel cells and IGCC are therefore inside every renewable total on this page unless the source-level breakdown is used.See: Renewable capacity by source · Renewable share of capacity and volume · Power trading volume
Trading hour 거래시간
The one-hour period for which the SMP is calculated and applied, labelled by its end time: hour 1 is the hour from 00:00 to 01:00, hour 13 the hour from 12:00 to 13:00 and hour 24 the hour from 23:00 to 24:00.See: SMP by hour of day · Price-setting fuel
Small-scale power brokerage market 소규모 전력중개시장
The KPX market for brokered trading of small-scale resources, which under the brokerage market rules are small renewable generators, energy storage and electric vehicles. The yearbook publishes its annual traded volume by month (Table 4-1 of the DER chapter). The yearbook prints no English name for this market; this page uses 'small-scale power brokerage market' throughout.See: Small-scale brokerage volume · Renewable generation forecasting scheme · Renewable trading volume by source
Small-scale power broker 소규모전력중개사업자
An operator that trades in the small-scale power brokerage market on behalf of the small-scale resources it represents. The yearbook counts brokers among KPX members (Table 1-2) and, in the forecasting scheme, splits participants into brokers and individual operators (Table 4-1-1). The yearbook prints no English term; this page uses 'small-scale power broker' throughout.See: Small-scale brokerage volume · Renewable generation forecasting scheme
Battery storage 전기저장장치
The KPX yearbook and the KEPCO statistics used on this page have no separate battery-storage table. Energy storage appears only as one of the resource types of the small-scale power brokerage market, whose traded volume Table 4-1 of the DER chapter prints as one total, not split by resource type. Pumped-storage hydro is a separate item (Table 7) and is not battery storage.See: Small-scale brokerage volume · Pumped storage quantities
Renewable generation forecasting scheme 재생에너지 발전량 예측제도
A KPX scheme under Annex 2 (section V) of the market operating rules, introduced 2020-10: solar and wind operators submit a day-ahead generation forecast and receive a per-kWh settlement when the forecast error is small. Its settlement is the line labelled 'Power Demand Forecasting Payment' in Table 9; the yearbook's electric power demand forecasting tables are a different item. The yearbook lists participants (small-scale power brokers and individual operators), settled volume and settlement paid (Tables 4-1-1 to 4-1-3).See: Renewable generation forecasting scheme · Small-scale brokerage volume · Trading amount per market kW
Per-kW figures kW당 수치
Three divisions made on this page, each with its formula and input cells in the data file. Trading amount per market kW: a fuel's or source's annual trading amount divided by its year-end market-registered capacity. Capacity payment per market kW: the year's total capacity payment divided by all market-registered capacity. Forecasting-scheme payment per kW: the scheme's annual settlement divided by participating main-resource capacity. All three are market-wide averages in KRW per kW per year; none is a plant-level rate or a return.See: Trading amount per market kW · Capacity payment per market kW · Renewable generation forecasting scheme
Provisional (P) 잠정치
P = shown as provisional in the edition the value comes from; P values may be revised in a later edition. The data file flags such values.See: Market overview · Power trading amount · SMP, annual weighted average
96 MW contract block 96MW 계약 우선제어 묶음
A group of generators that have a separate contract with KPX to be curtailed first. From late May 2025 the curtailment notices show this 96 MW block on many days. Days on which only this block was curtailed are counted separately from days with curtailment beyond it.See: Mainland curtailment days